Missing Links: Understanding Sex- and Gender-Related Impacts of Chemical and Biological Weapons

Dalaqua, Renata Hessmann; Revill, James; Hay, Alastair; Connell, Nancy

doi:10.37559/wmd/19/gen1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One of them refers to participation of survivors and affected communities in all stages of assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Another relevant point is the provision of assistance that is gender-and age-sensitive as well as non-discriminatory (Dalaqua et al 2019). This requires developing mechanisms for disaggregated age-specific and gender-specific data collection related to the needs of survivors and taking those needs into consideration when designing, implementing and reviewing victim assistance programmes.…”

Section: Article 6: Victim Assistance and Environmental Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TPNW in Practice: Elements for Effective National Implementation

Revill

Dalaqua

Wan

2021

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament

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In the past, states have underestimated the effort required to implement WMD-related treaties. Yet effective national implementation is a prerequisite to upholding agreements and building confidence in compliance with these treaty regimes. Drawing on experience from other arms control and disarmament agreements, this article lays out the most relevant measures for national implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) resulting from Article 5 (national implementation). It also examines other obligations in the TPNW through the lens of national implementation, including initial declarations Articles 2 (declarations), 6 (victim assistance and environmental remediation) and 7 (international cooperation and assistance). The paper focuses on what key elements that TPNW States Parties should address when transposing the international agreement to the national level: standardization; capacity and resources; and international assistance. In doing so, it aims to assist national and international actors in their implementation efforts.

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Section: Article 6: Victim Assistance and Environmental Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TPNW in Practice: Elements for Effective National Implementation

Revill

Dalaqua

Wan

2021

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament

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“…Open access long-term effects of CWAs exposure, 1 3 10 existential conditions and social dimensions, such as gendered effects, have scarcely been studied. [11][12][13][14] Apart from long-term damage to the eyes, skin and respiratory system, 15 16 SM is scientifically categorised as a teratogenic, that is, a substance that causes birth defects and, in this case, is similar to nitrogen mustard-a known teratogen. In addition, SM is also socially experienced with negative effects on offspring in Halabja.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered lived experiences of marriage and family following exposure to chemical warfare agents: content analysis of qualitative interviews with survivors in Halabja, Kurdistan-Iraq

Moradi

Söderberg

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo study gendered experiences of the long-term effects of a chemical warfare agent (CWA; sulfur mustard).DesignQualitative face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interview study using content analysis approach with thematic analysis and anthropological inquiries.SettingThe city of Halabja in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.ParticipantsSurvivors of CWA (n=16, female:male 10:6, mean age 45.5 years (range 34 to 67)) with lung damage diagnosis and with a range of sociodemographic variables.ResultsLatent content was expressed as: To get or not to get married? Two categories—social abandonment and uncertain marriage—emerged as expressions of the manifest content. The majority of the participants showed uncertainty as a central concern that affects all decision-making in their private and social life. Uncertainty over marriage and family were huge, corresponding to their fear of giving birth to children with congenital birth defects. Exposure to CWAs was conceptualised in terms of stigmatised illnesses, and consequently resulted in loneliness and social isolation, leading to negative impacts on other aspects of professional and social life. The results demonstrated a gendered pattern: CWA-exposed women were more affected psychosocially than CWA-exposed men. More CWA-exposed women were unemployed, divorced or single, or lived under vulnerable circumstances compared with men.ConclusionSurvivors of CWA exposure have developed a sense of gendered uncertainty around getting married and building a family. Sulfur mustard-exposed women, in particular, long to be desired in the community as they face social exclusion. Survivors should be provided evidence-based consultancy to optimise their decision-making around marriage and other social and family challenges.

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