Miscellaneous Notes on African Species of Crotalaria L.: II

Polhill, R. M.

doi:10.2307/4107767

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Crotalaria podocarpa DC (hereafter referred to as Crotalaria ) is an annual, herbaceous legume that is widespread in southern Africa (Polhill, 1968). It occurs on both sandy and stony soils, is well adapted to arid conditions, and has the capability to fix nitrogen (Jourand et al., 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C₄ grasses

Wagner

Richter

Joubert

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The characteristic vegetation structure of arid savannas with a dominant layer of perennial grass is maintained by the putative competitive superiority of the C4 grasses. When this competitive balance is disturbed by weakening the grasses or favoring the recruitment of other species, trees, shrubs, single grass, or forb species can increase and initiate sudden dominance shifts. Such shifts involving woody species, often termed “shrub encroachment”, or the mass spreading of so‐called increaser species have been extensively researched, but studies on similar processes without obvious preceding disturbance are rare. In Namibia, the native herbaceous legume Crotalaria podocarpa has recently encroached parts of the escarpment region, seriously affecting the productivity of local fodder grasses. Here, we studied the interaction between seedlings of the legume and the dominant local fodder grass (Stipagrostis ciliata). We used a pot experiment to test seedling survival and to investigate the growth of Crotalaria in competition with Stipagrostis. Additional field observations were conducted to quantify the interactive effect. We found germination and growth of the legume seedlings to be facilitated by inactive (dead or dormant) grass tussocks and unhindered by active ones. Seedling survival was three times higher in inactive tussocks and Crotalaria grew taller. In the field, high densities of the legume had a clear negative effect on productivity of the grass. The C4 grass was unable to limit the recruitment and spread of the legume, and Crotalaria did outcompete the putative more competitive grass. Hence, the legume is able to spread and establish itself in large numbers and initiate a dominance shift in savannas, similar to shrub encroachment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C₄ grasses

Wagner

Richter

Joubert

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…1B2, B6; if not twisted, then calyx lobes ± as long as the keel with wings as long or longer than the keel); calyx usually shorter than the keel (if equal or longer, then keel not twisted or style dilated and bifurcate at the tip) and equally or sub-equally lobed (Fig. 1D1) The delimitation of the section follows the original sec-tional concept of Polhill (1968).…”

Section: Taxonomic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study revealed that specialised features used by Polhill (1968) to define his sections and subsections are not only convergent but also not always logically correlated. For example, in C. bongensis and C. microcarpa of the Hedriocar-pae clade, a non-twisted keel co-occurs with a geniculate style, whereas in the Amphitrichae clade, a twisted keel co-occurs with a rounded style.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A global infrageneric classification system for the genus Crotalaria (Leguminosae) based on molecular and morphological evidence

Roux

Boatwright

Wyk

2013

TAXON

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Le Rouz, M. M. et al. (2013). A global infrageneric classification system for the genus Crotalaria (leguminosae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. AbstractCrotalaria is a large genus of 702 species with its centre of diversity in tropical Africa and Madagascar and secondary radiations in other parts of the world. The current infrageneric classification system is based on morphological and morphomet-ric studies of the African taxa only and is here re-evaluated using a phylogenetic approach. DNA sequences derived from the nuclear ITS and the plastid matK, psbA-trnH and rbcLa markers were analyzed using parsimony and model-based (Bayesian) approaches. The resultant molecular phylogeny allowed for a new interpretation of diagnostically important morphological characters, including specialisations of the calyx, keel, standard petal and style, which are variously convergent in several unrelated infrageneric groups. Of particular interest is the congruence between the new phylogeny and the distribution of stand-ard petal callosity types. A sectional classification system for the entire genus is proposed for the first time. The new system that is formalised here comprises eleven sections: Amphitrichae,

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“…A classificação infragenérica atual de Crotalaria foi estabelecida por Polhill (1968) e reformulada por Bisby & Polhill (1973), a partir de caracteres morfológicos florais, como a forma do receptáculo, grau de torção do bico da quilha, posição dos apêndices no estandarte, cálice bilabiado ou não e a forma do estilete. …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

NOVIDADES TAXONÔMICAS EM ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DE CROTALARIA SECT. CALYCINAE WIGHT &ARN. (LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE)

2006

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RESUMO São propostas as sinonimizações de quatro espécies e de duas variedades: Crotalaria brasiliensis Windler & S.G. Skinner em Crotalaria grandiflora Benth., Crotalaria barretoensis Windler & S.G.Skinner em Crotalaria martiana Benth.subsp. martiana, Crotalaria hatschbachii Windler& S.G.Skinner, Crotalaria hatschbachii var. sericea Windler & S.G.Skinner, Crotalaria bellii Windler & S.G. Skinner e Crotalaria flavicoma var. major Micheli em Crotalaria martiana subsp. mohlenbrockii (Windler & S.G.Skinner) Planchuelo. Também são propostos a transferência de C. paraguariensis da sinonímia de C. martiana subsp. martiana para C. martiana subsp. mohlenbrockii e o restabelecimento de C. subdecurrens Mart. ex Benth. à categoria específica.

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Miscellaneous Notes on African Species of Crotalaria L.: II

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C₄ grasses

A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C₄ grasses

A global infrageneric classification system for the genus Crotalaria (Leguminosae) based on molecular and morphological evidence

NOVIDADES TAXONÔMICAS EM ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DE CROTALARIA SECT. CALYCINAE WIGHT &ARN. (LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE)

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Miscellaneous Notes on African Species of Crotalaria L.: II

Cited by 55 publications

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A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C4 grasses

A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C4 grasses

A global infrageneric classification system for the genus Crotalaria (Leguminosae) based on molecular and morphological evidence

NOVIDADES TAXONÔMICAS EM ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DE CROTALARIA SECT. CALYCINAE WIGHT &ARN. (LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE)

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A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C₄ grasses

A dominance shift in arid savanna: An herbaceous legume outcompetes local C₄ grasses