Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention May to September 1787

Dumbauld, Edward; Bowen, Catherine Drinker

doi:10.2307/3311005

Cited by 9 publications

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“…The surface concentration was then calculated using this activity and the activity coefficient (t) of CuSO4. In the absence of published activity coefficient data for CuSO4-H~SO4-H20 systems, the following equation for aqueous CuSO, electrolytes (28) was used in the analysis -10.66X/m f = K exp + 12.72m -26.32m am 1.0 + X/m + 26.52m 2 -13.60m 5m + 2.854m 3 [18] where K = (p -MC)/pw and m = 1000C/pw [19] Experimentally determined mass transfer boundarylayer thicknesses were compared with cathode values of ~e, as calculated from the Levich correlation Sh = 0.621 (Sc)~ ~176 [20] Values of ~r during metal dissolution were found to be independent of current (within experimental errors) and considerably smaller than those at a cathode for the same rotation speed. For example, a cathodic mass transfer boundary-layer thickness of 2.3 x 10 -3 cm was determined from Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feb. 2, 1990. This was Paper 324 presented at the Hollywood, Florida, Meeting of the Society, Oct. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] 1989.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, a potential relaxation technique is used to compute liquid-phase effective mass transfer boundary-layer thicknesses and saltfilm thicknesses during active and passive copper dissolution at a rotating disk. The relaxation method was first proposed by Nanis in 1961 (18) but early attempts at verifying the approach proved unsuccessful (19,20). Recently, experimental and theoretical aspects of the technique were refined and the method was applied successfully to the determination of mass transfer boundary layer thicknesses during copper deposition at a vertical plate with natural convection stirring (21,22).…”

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Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer by Potential Relaxation: III . Active and Passive Copper Dissolution at a Rotating Disk

Roy

Pintauro

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A linear potential relaxation technique was used successfully to determine effective liquid-phase mass transfer boundary-layer thicknesses during active dissolution and cupric sulfate salt film thicknesses during passive etching for a copper rotating disk electrode immersed in a CuSO4-H2SO4 electrolyte. Experimentally measured concentration overpotentials immediately after current interruption were found to decay linearly with the square-root of time. A theoretical model was derived to calculate liquid-phase effective mass transfer boundary-layer thicknesses or salt film thicknesses from the slope and intercept of the linear potential decay regime. For active copper dissolution, effective mass transfer boundary layer thicknesses were =56% smaller than those for cathodic deposition. The following Sherwood-Schmidt-Reynolds number correlation was developed from these relaxation experiments Sh = 1.39 Sc ~ Re ~176

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feb. 2, 1990. This was Paper 324 presented at the Hollywood, Florida, Meeting of the Society, Oct. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] 1989.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer by Potential Relaxation: III . Active and Passive Copper Dissolution at a Rotating Disk

Roy

Pintauro

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack and its maxims on physicians, medicine and nutrition

Roberts¹

1991

The American Journal of Cardiology

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Historical Foundations and Enduring Fundamentals of American Religious Freedom

Witte

2019

Studies in Christian Ethics

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The eighteenth-century American founders believed that religion is special and deserves special constitutional protection, and that all peaceable faiths must be drawn into the constitutional process and protection. The founders introduced six constitutional principles for the protection of religious freedom: freedom of conscience, free exercise of religion, religious pluralism, religious equality, separation of church and state, and no state establishment of religion. Since the 1940s, the United States Supreme Court has upheld these religious freedom principles in more than 170 cases, albeit unevenly of late. Moreover, in recent years religious freedom has come under sharp popular and academic attack, particularly as religious pathologies have come to light and religious freedom claims have clashed with sexual liberty claims. This article calls for a return to the first principles of religious freedom for all, at home and abroad, and for a new balance between religious freedom and other fundamental rights claims.

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Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention May to September 1787

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer by Potential Relaxation: III . Active and Passive Copper Dissolution at a Rotating Disk

Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer by Potential Relaxation: III . Active and Passive Copper Dissolution at a Rotating Disk

Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack and its maxims on physicians, medicine and nutrition

Historical Foundations and Enduring Fundamentals of American Religious Freedom

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