Minority stress process among older Black Americans: the role of age, perceived discrimination, and anxiety

Carden, Keisha D.; McDuffie, Danielle; Murry, Kaleb; Bui, Chuong; Allen, Rebecca S.

doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1904380

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The increased disability in social relationships was notable for men, who also experienced greater social isolation than Black women from almost all of the social relationships assessed including family and friends. Carden and colleagues (2021) in their study of older Black Americans and anxiety employ Carstensen’s theory of Socioemotional Selectivity, which says that as individuals age, they focus more on positive information, become more selective in their relationships, pruning their social networks in favor of emotional relationships that are more satisfying as opposed to larger in numbers. It is possible this pruning in older Blacks may not be as useful an emotional regulator because of the disruptions they face based on structural challenges of racism, sexism, ageism, and the need for financial support and assistance, which greater instrumental support from others would help to buffer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carden et al (2021) cite a difference in the detection rate of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) in non-Hispanic-Blacks (4.9%) versus that of non-Hispanic Whites (8.6%) as a key factor in the low prevalence rates reported in prior studies. However, in studies of GAD, Blacks in the U.S. tend to suffer greater severity of the illness, high rates of unemployment, and low rates of treatment utilization (Carden et al, 2021; Jones et al, 2020; Mays et al, 2018; Sibrava et al, 2013). Even when treated, non-Hispanic Blacks with GAD have been observed to have a lower 2-year recovery rate compared to non-Hispanic Whites (0.23 vs. 0.39) again indicating that despite the lower prevalence, there may be higher morbidity from GAD in Blacks (Sibrava et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there has been a growing number of epidemiologic studies of psychiatric disorders among Black Americans (Taylor & Chatters, 2020), much of that research has yet to provide researchers and clinicians with an in-depth understanding of these disorders in aging populations. Such information is needed to offer a better clinical case conceptualization and to guide culturally specific assessment and treatment options (Carden et al, 2021). Regardless of race or ethnicity, anxiety disorders are undertreated in older adults, contributing to excess late-life morbidity and premature mortality (Carriere et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the prevalence of these disorders in non-Hispanic Black populations are often equal to or lower than those in non-Hispanic White populations, when such disorders are present research indicates they tend to be more persistent, impairing, undiagnosed, and untreated (Jones et al, 2018(Jones et al, , 2020Leach & Hall, 2014;Mays et al, 2018;Santini et al, 2020). Carden et al (2021) cite a difference in the detection rate of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) in non-Hispanic-Blacks (4.9%) versus that of non-Hispanic Whites (8.6%) as a key factor in the low prevalence rates reported in prior studies. However, in studies of GAD, Blacks in the U.S. tend to suffer greater severity of the illness, high rates of unemployment, and low rates of treatment utilization (Carden et al, 2021;Jones et al, 2020;Mays et al, 2018;Sibrava et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older

et al. 2022

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Objectives: To examine anxiety disorders in aging Black adults. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Survey of American Life, we estimated lifetime/12-month prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth Edition anxiety disorders in Black men and women, age 50+ ( N = 1561). Disorder-specific persistence and severity, functional impairment, and mental health service utilization were investigated using multivariate regressions. Results: Black men and women who met criteria for anxiety disorders (lifetime prevalence=12.4%/18.3% in men/women) also demonstrated persistent disorders (percent meeting criteria = 40.3%–61.2%). Those with a 12-month anxiety disorder (6.2%/10.5% of men/women) typically reported severe task interference (38.3%–85.7%). Those with any 12-month anxiety disorder, compared to those without, experienced greater impairment in days out of role, work, family burden, cognition and, in women, mobility ( p’s < .05). Only 47.0%/65.2% of Black men/women with any lifetime anxiety disorder used mental health services. Discussion: Despite low prevalence, older Blacks with anxiety disorders experience substantial mental health burden in middle age and later.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older

et al. 2022

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“…Racial Discrimination. The NSAL included a 10-item version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale to measure the frequency of routine experiences of unfair treatment (Carden et al, 2022;Williams et al, 1997). Responses ranged from never (1) to nearly every day (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Severity and Burden of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Black Men and Women Across the Adult Life span

et al. 2022

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Objectives: To examine post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Black adults in younger, middle, and older ages. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Survey of American Life, we estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of PTSD in Black men and women ages 18–34, 35–49, and 50+. We determined PTSD persistence and severity by age group, then associations of PTSD with socio-economic status, chronic stress, and racial discrimination in middle age. Results: The lifetime prevalence of PTSD was higher in Black women/men ages 18–34 (prevalence=14.0%/6.3%) and 35–49 (12.8%/4.6%) versus 50 and older (8.7%/5.1%). Those ages 35–49 were more likely than younger/older Black adults to have severe interference in work, relationships, and activities domains. In middle age, PTSD was associated with unemployment, lower education, poverty, and stress in Black men, and unemployment, divorce, poverty, stress, and discrimination in Black women. Discussion: Black women experience a disproportionate burden of PTSD in middle age.

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Maternal negative affect moderates behavioral and physiological synchrony in Latinx and Black mother–child dyads

Hale

Morrow

George

et al. 2023

Developmental Psychobiology

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Positive behavioral synchrony (PBS) between mothers and children involves the bidirectional exchange of verbal and nonverbal communication. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony reflects the concordance between mother-child physiological states. Both PBS and RSA synchrony can be undermined by psychopathology symptoms. Latinx and Black families may experience contextual stressors that contribute to heightened symptoms of psychopathology, yet minimal research has examined relations between psychopathology symptoms with PBS and RSA synchrony in these families. The present study assessed associations between maternal depressive and child internalizing symptoms, mother and child negative affect (NA), and PBS and RSA synchrony in a sample of 100 Latina and Black mothers (M age = 34.48 years, SD = 6.39 years) and their children (M age = 6.83 years, SD = 1.50 years). Dyads engaged in a video-recorded stress task where RSA was collected continuously. Videos were later coded for PBS and mother and child NA. Mothers reported on their depressive and child's internalizing symptoms. Maternal NA was associated with weak PBS and negative RSA synchrony. Neither depressive and internalizing symptoms nor child NA were associated with PBS or RSA synchrony. Results highlight the potency of maternal NA on behavioral and physiological synchrony in Latinx and Black families.

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Minority stress process among older Black Americans: the role of age, perceived discrimination, and anxiety

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older

Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older

Prevalence, Severity and Burden of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Black Men and Women Across the Adult Life span

Maternal negative affect moderates behavioral and physiological synchrony in Latinx and Black mother–child dyads

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