Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland – short communication

Domańska-Blicharz, Katarzyna; Orłowska, Anna; Smreczak, Marcin; Niemczuk, Krzysztof; Iwan, Ewelina; Bomba, Arkadiusz; Lisowska, Anna; Opolska, Justyna; Trębas, Paweł; Potyrało, Patrycja; Kawiak-Sadurska, Magdalena; Rola, J.

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2021-0017

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Farmed minks are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and, in some cases, they have transmitted the virus back to humans. SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive minks were detected in 290 fur farms in Denmark, 69 mink fur farms in the Netherlands, 13 of 40 mink farms in Sweden, 23 out of 91 mink farms in Greece, 17 fur farms in the USA, 4 farms in Lithuania, 2 farms in Canada, and one fur farm in Italy, Latvia, Poland, France, and Spain ( Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ; Fenollar et al, 2021 ; OIE, 2021a ; Rabalski et al, 2020 ). The infected minks demonstrated mild respiratory distress and interstitial pneumonia on the necropsy ( Oreshkova et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Reverse Zoonosis and Secondary Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus. Its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appears to be capable of infecting different mammalian species. Recent detections of this virus in pet, zoo, wild, and farm animals have compelled inquiry regarding the zoonotic (animal-to-human) and reverse zoonotic (human-to-animal) transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 with the potential of COVID-19 pandemic evolving into a panzootic. It is important to monitor the global spread of disease and to assess the significance of genomic changes to support prevention and control efforts during a pandemic. An understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology provides opportunities to prevent the risk of repeated re-infection of humans and requires a robust One Health-based investigation. This review paper describes the known properties and the existing gaps in scientific knowledge about the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmissibility of the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 disease it causes.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Reverse Zoonosis and Secondary Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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“…In Poland, one of the world's top producers of minks fur, the first outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in minks was confirmed on 30 January 2021, based on the results of laboratory tests carried out by national reference laboratory ( ProMED, 2021 , OIE, 2021 , Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ). The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was detected on a holding with more than 5 800 of American minks at time of the outbreak, located in Pomeranian voivodeship.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Sars-cov-2 Infections In Minksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 detected in minks in Poland, four or five amino acid substitutions were identified, depending on the isolate tested. However, only one substitution (Y453F) is located in the RBD ( Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ). This location is found to be responsible for increased binding affinity to cellular receptors in minks ( Andersen et al, 2020 , Lauring and Hodcroft, 2021 ).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Sars-cov-2 Infections In Minksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This location is found to be responsible for increased binding affinity to cellular receptors in minks ( Andersen et al, 2020 , Lauring and Hodcroft, 2021 ). In November 2020, the Polish Veterinary Authorities introduced official monitoring of minks farms ( Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ). 1 month later, the new legislation declaring SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks as a notifiable disease has been introduced ( Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Sars-cov-2 Infections In Minksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In November 2020, the Polish Veterinary Authorities introduced official monitoring of minks farms ( Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ). 1 month later, the new legislation declaring SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks as a notifiable disease has been introduced ( Domańska-Blicharz et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Sars-cov-2 Infections In Minksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks – an overview of current knowledge on occurrence, disease and epidemiology

Pomorska‐Mól¹,

Włodarek²,

Gogulski³

et al. 2021

Animal

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Coronaviruses ( CoVs ), which are enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses, may cause infections in mammals and birds. Apart from the respiratory manifestations, CoVs are also responsible for infections of the gastrointestinal tract and nervous systems. Their propensity to recombine allows them to easily transmit and adapt to new hosts. The emergence of a new CoV in humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ), which is attributed to a zoonotic origin, has provoked numerous studies to assess its pathogenicity for different animal species (pets, farm and wild animals). Available results indicate that numerous animal species are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2. From April 2020, when the first SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks was reported in the Netherlands, to the end of January 2021, further outbreaks have been confirmed in Denmark, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the United States, Greece, France, Canada, Lithuania and Poland. It has also been established that human-to-minks and minks-to-human transmission may occur. The results obtained to date indicate that the virus was originally introduced into the minks population by humans, possibly at the start of the pandemic and had been circulating in the population for several weeks before detection. Recent data indicate that minks are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the route or routes of virus transmission between farms, other than by direct contact with infected humans, have not been identified. In minks, infection can occur in clinical and subclinical form, making it possibly difficult to detect. Therefore, minks could represent potentially dangerous, not always recognized, animal reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. The current data indicate that further studies on minks and other Mustelidae are needed to clarify whether they may be a potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, and if so, how and whether this can be prevented.

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Structural basis of the American mink ACE2 binding by Y453F trimeric spike glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2

Ahn,

Calderon,

Fan

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) enters the host cell by binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). While evolutionarily conserved, ACE2 receptors differ across various species and differential interactions with Spike (S) glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses impact species specificity. Reverse zoonoses led to SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks on multiple American mink (Mustela vison) farms during the pandemic and gave rise to mink‐associated S substitutions known for transmissibility between mink and zoonotic transmission to humans. In this study, we used bio‐layer interferometry (BLI) to discern the differences in binding affinity between multiple human and mink‐derived S glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 and their respective ACE2 receptors. Further, we conducted a structural analysis of a mink variant S glycoprotein and American mink ACE2 (mvACE2) using cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM), revealing four distinct conformations. We discovered a novel intermediary conformation where the mvACE2 receptor is bound to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the S glycoprotein in a “down” position, approximately 34° lower than previously reported “up” RBD. Finally, we compared residue interactions in the S‐ACE2 complex interface of S glycoprotein conformations with varying RBD orientations. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry.

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Mink SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland – short communication

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2

Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2

Review: SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks – an overview of current knowledge on occurrence, disease and epidemiology

Structural basis of the American mink ACE2 binding by Y453F trimeric spike glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2

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