Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) of polihexanide and triclosan against antibiotic sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains

Assadian, Ojan; Wehse, Katrin; Hübner, Nils–Olaf; Koburger, Torsten; Bagel, Simone; Jethon, Frank; Krämer, Axel

doi:10.3205/dgkh000163

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the antistaphylococcal activity duration measured in the time-kill analyses should predict the antimicrobial activity duration in several other triclosan-sensitive microorganisms often isolated in SSIs with triclosan MIC < 1 µg/mL. Intrinsically, triclosan-resistant species such as P. aeruginosa , where the triclosan MIC ranges from 128 µg/mL to more than 1000 µg/mL, can colonise TS intraoperatively [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 39 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro time-kill analyses were performed at Université de Bordeaux, Aquitaine Microbiologie, UMR 5234 CNRS, 33000 Bordeaux, France, according to CLSI standard M26-A [ 38 ]. Suture segments were pre-immersed in the accelerated conditions described previously to establish the relationship between the marginal triclosan release rate and the corresponding antimicrobial activity on triclosan-sensitive bacteria [ 39 ]. The tests were conducted at Bordeaux University’s experimental microbiology laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Long Do Implanted Triclosan Sutures Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in Surgical Conditions? A Pharmacological Model

2022

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(1) Background: Sutures with triclosan (TS) are used to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSI), but most clinical trials are inconclusive. The traceability of SSI risk to antimicrobial activity in operated tissues is needed. (2) Objectives: This study aimed to predict triclosan antistaphylococcal activity in operated tissues. (3) Methods: Three TS were exposed to static water for 30 days, and triclosan release was recorded. Polyglactin TS explanted from sheep seven days after cardiac surgery according to 3Rs provided ex vivo acceleration benchmarks. TS immersion up to 7 days in ethanol-water cosolvency and stirring simulated tissue implantation. Controls were 30-day immersion in static water. The release rate over time was measured and fitted to a predictive function. Antistaphylococcal activity and duration were measured by time-kill analysis with pre-immersed polyglactin TS. (4) Fifteen to 60-fold accelerated in vitro conditions reproduced the benchmarks. The rate prediction with double-exponential decay was validated. The antistaphylococcal activity was bactericidal, with TS pre-immersed for less than 12 h before then S. aureus began to grow. The residual triclosan level was more than 95% and played no detectable role. (5) Conclusions: Polyglactin, poliglecaprone, and polydioxanone TS share similar triclosan release functions with parametric differences. Polyglactin TS is antistaphylococcal in surgical conditions for 4 to 12 h.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Long Do Implanted Triclosan Sutures Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in Surgical Conditions? A Pharmacological Model

2022

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“…The ratio was 0.65 in Staphylococcus (MIC 0.015 to 8 µg/mL), 0.42 in Escherichia (0.1 to 0.5 µg/mL), 0.9 in Enterococcus (MIC 0.5 to 128 µg/mL; NOTE: MIC > 32 µg/mL is rare), and 0.64 in Klebsiella (0.1 to 1 µg/mL), which are usually triclosan-susceptible. The ratio was 0.65 in Pseudomonas despite the usual triclosan resistance of most species in human surgery (MIC 100 µg/mL up to ≥1000 µg/mL) [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The sensitivity analysis showed that no RCT contributed enough to the overall dataset for its removal to change the conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Triclosan Sutures Modify the Microbial Diversity of Surgical Site Infections? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) report a lower incidence rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) with triclosan sutures (TSs) compared with non-triclosan sutures (NTSs). Do triclosan sutures modify the microbial diversity of culture-confirmed SSIs (ccSSIs)? If so, this would support the association between TS antimicrobial activity and the SSI incidence rate. This prospective systematic literature review (PROSPERO CRD42019125099) was conducted according to PRISMA. RCTs that compared the incidence of SSIs with TSs and NTSs and reported microbial counts from SSI cultures per suture group were eligible. The microbial species were grouped by genus, and the association between genera and sutures was tested. The pooled relative risk (RR) of ccSSIs was also calculated. Twelve RCTs were eligible. No publication bias was identified. The microorganism count was 180 in 124 SSIs with TSs versus 246 in 199 SSIs with NTSs. No significant difference in microbial diversity was found, but statistical power was low for test results to support or challenge the association between the antimicrobial activity of TSs and the reduced rate of SSIs. The RR of the ccSSIs was significant and consistent with comprehensive meta-analyses. The certainty of the pooled RR was moderate.

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“…There was more cooperativity between the rate of efflux and the pump's hydrolysis rate that was affected by the high concentration of nitrocefin. More antibiotics contained in bacteria lead to a higher velocity of efflux with rapid antibiotic removal, in which, the AcrB of E. coli increases the minimum inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration (MICs) of antibiotics [87]. The binding protomer of the AcrAB-TolC pump is mainly hydrophobic and lies centered within the bacterial periplasm.…”

Section: The Binding Capacity and Specificity Of Substrates For Acrab-tolc Effluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing bacterial antibiotic resistance by targeting bacterial metabolic pathways and disrupting RND efflux pump activity

Hillman¹

2022

Iberoam J Med

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Antibiotic resistance is a significant issue for the medical community, worldwide. Many bacteria develop drug resistance by utilizing multidrug resistant or MDR efflux pumps that can export antibiotics from bacterial cells. Antibiotics are expelled from bacteria by efflux pumps a part of the resistance nodulation division (RND) family. Types of RND efflux pumps include the AcrAB-TolC tripartite protein pump. There are an excessive number of antibiotic compounds that have been discovered; however, only a few antibiotics are effective against MDR bacteria. Many bacteria become drug resistant when sharing genes that encode MDR efflux pump expression. MDR efflux pump encoding genes are incorporated into plasmids and then shared among bacteria. As a consequence, advancements in genetic engineering can sufficiently target and edit pathogenic bacterial genomes for perturbing drug resistance mechanisms. In this perspective and review, support will be provided for utilizing genetic modifications as an antimicrobial approach and tool that may effectively combat bacterial MDR. Ayhan et al. found that deleting acrB, acrA, and tolC increased the levels of antibiotic sensitivity in Escherichia coli. Researchers also found that glucose, glutamate, and fructose all induced the absorption of antibiotics by upregulating the gene expression of maeA and maeB that is a part of the MAL-pyruvate pathway. Therefore, the current perspective and review will discuss the potential efficacy of reducing antibiotic resistance by inhibiting genes that encode efflux protein pump expression while simultaneously upregulating metabolic genes for increased antibiotic uptake.

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Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) of polihexanide and triclosan against antibiotic sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

How Long Do Implanted Triclosan Sutures Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in Surgical Conditions? A Pharmacological Model

How Long Do Implanted Triclosan Sutures Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in Surgical Conditions? A Pharmacological Model

Do Triclosan Sutures Modify the Microbial Diversity of Surgical Site Infections? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reducing bacterial antibiotic resistance by targeting bacterial metabolic pathways and disrupting RND efflux pump activity

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