Minimizing the Adverse Effects of Contaminant Propagation in Water Distribution Networks Considering the Pressure-Driven Analysis Method

Zafari, Mohsen; Tabesh, Massoud; Nazif, Sara

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000848

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To cover different consumption behaviors, 200 Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for each scenario of Cryptosporidium concentration in sewage (1,6,26, and 560 oocysts/L). The resulting cumulative probability distributions of the number of infected people are plotted in Figure 4.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pathogens In Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such conditions, a reliable estimation of intrusion points, contamination mass rate entering the DS, and fate/transport of contamination through the network cannot be achieved using traditional demand driven-analysis (DDA) models such as EPANET 2 [3]. Pressure-driven analysis (PDA) was coupled to single species water quality modeling to optimize management strategies (e.g., flushing and isolation actions) by minimizing the mass of consumed contaminant [4][5][6]. A more detailed literature review on hydraulic and water quality modeling under sustained PDCs can be found elsewhere [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Using Nodal Infection Risks to Guide Interventions Following Accidental Intrusion due to Sustained Low Pressure Events in a Drinking Water Distribution System

Hatam

Blokker

Besner³

et al. 2019

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Improving the risk models to include the possible infection risk linked to pathogen intrusion into distribution systems during pressure-deficient conditions (PDCs) is essential. The objective of the present study was to assess the public health impact of accidental intrusion through leakage points in a full-scale water distribution system by coupling a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model with water quality calculations based on pressure-driven hydraulic analysis. The impacts on the infection risk of different concentrations of Cryptosporidium in raw sewage (minimum, geometric mean, mean, and maximum) and various durations of intrusion/PDCs (24 h, 10 h, and 1 h) were investigated. For each scenario, 200 runs of Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to assess the uncertainty associated with the consumers’ behavioral variability. By increasing the concentrations of Cryptosporidium in raw sewage from 1 to 560 oocysts/L for a 24-h intrusion, or by increasing the duration of intrusion from 1 to 24 h, with a constant concentration (560 oocysts/L), the simulated number of infected people was increased by 235-fold and 17-fold, respectively. On the first day of the 1-h PDCs/intrusion scenario, a 65% decrease in the number of infected people was observed when supposing no drinking water withdrawals during low-pressure conditions at nodes with low demand available (<5%) compared to no demand. Besides assessing the event risk for an intrusion scenario, defined as four days of observation, the daily number of infected people and nodal risk were also modeled on different days, including during and after intrusion days. The results indicate that, for the case of a 1-h intrusion, delaying the start of the necessary preventive/corrective actions for 5 h after the beginning of the intrusion may result in the infection of up to 71 people.

show abstract

Section: Concentrations Of Pathogens In Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%