Minimizing sleep deprivation effects in healthy adults by differential outcomes

The effects of differential outcomes and different types of consequential stimuli on 7-year-old children’s discriminative learning and memory

“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an effect has been reported in 7-year-old children. Some recent studies have shown that the DOP is effective in improving memory-based performance after short delays in normal aging, in young people, and in patients with alcohol-related amnesia and Alzheimer's disease (Hochhalter et al, 2000;López-Crespo et al, 2009;Martella et al, 2012;Plaza et al, 2011Plaza et al, , 2012. All these results can be explained according to the model suggested by Savage and colleagues (e.g., Overmier, Savage, & Sweeney, 1999;Ramirez, Buzzetti, & Savage, 2005;Savage, 2001;Savage & Parsons, 1997), who proposed that there are two different memory systems that are activated by differential and nondifferential outcomes.…”

“…In fact, they found that three patients with alcohol-induced amnesia showed significantly better delayed face recognition when differential outcomes were arranged. Later on, the potential of the DOP for aiding human memory has also been evident in four studies conducted with young people (Martella, Plaza, Estévez, & Fuentes, 2012;Plaza, Estévez, López-Crespo, & Fuentes, 2011), with older adults (López-Crespo, Plaza, Fuentes, & Estévez, 2009), and with Alzheimer's disease patients (Plaza, López-Crespo, Antúnez, Fuentes, & Estévez, 2012). In these studies, delayed face recognition performance of participants was improved by pairing each correct response with a specific outcome.…”

The differential outcomes procedure can overcome self-bias in perceptual matching

“…The benefits of using the DOP also have been observed in people with discriminative learning difficulties, such as those with Down's syndrome (Estévez, Overmier, Fuentes, & González, 2003), adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (Joseph, Overmier, & Thompson, 1997), or children born prematurely (Martínez et al, 2012). Further studies have demonstrated that the DOP is effective at improving memory-based performance in healthy children (Martínez, Estévez, Fuentes, & Overmier, 2009;Martínez, Flores, González-Salinas, Fuentes, & Estévez, 2013), young adults (Martella, Plaza, Estevez, Castillo, & Fuentes, 2012;Plaza, Estévez, López-Crespo, & Fuentes, 2011), and older adults (López-Crespo, Plaza, Fuentes, & Estévez, 2009), as well as individuals with memory-based deficits, such as Korsakoff's syndrome (Hochhalter, Sweeney, Bakke, Holub, & Overmier, 2000) or Alzheimer's disease (Plaza, López-Crespo, Antúnez, Fuentes, & Estévez, 2012). It is of some interest to note that selfassociation has been shown to improve memory in patients with severe amnesia .…”

El efecto de consecuencias diferenciales: un caso de investigación traslacional

“…El conjunto de evidencia edificado hasta ahora, ha conducido nuevamente a los investigadores a reflexionar sobre el potencial del PCD en el tratamiento de otros trastornos, en particular sobre los efectos adversos de la privación de sueño sobre la memoria (Martella et al, 2012). De manera paralela a la indagación y extensión del ECD en trastornos diversos, otra clase de estudios (de forma relativamente reciente), se ha enfocado en explorar las aplicaciones del PCD en contextos educativos (e.g., Mok et al, 2010) como la enseñanza de idiomas y matemáticas, mostrando hallazgos robustos en condiciones no clínicas que han puesto la atención en la contribución de este procedimiento para la formación de clases de estímulos equivalentes (e.g., Easton et al 2011;Joseph et al, 1997;Minster et al, 2006).…”