Minimizing observer metamerism in display systems

Ramanath, Rajeev

doi:10.1002/col.20523

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Industry examples with high degrees of observer metamerism are soft proofing in graphic arts (previewing color pictures on monitors to predict press print colors) and color grading in digital cinema or television (color adjustment on test displays by comparison with a reference monitor). Furthermore, the issue is worsened if spectrally narrow stimuli are viewed . It is of interest to know how much CMFs differ between people and how much observer metamerism would be expected for a given application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color matching experiment for highlighting interobserver variability

Asano

Fairchild

Bouchet

et al. 2015

Color Research & Application

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Human color vision differs from person to person, not only when color deficiencies occur but also within color‐normal populations. Investigating individual variability in normal color vision is beneficial both for clinical purposes and for quantifying observer metamerism. Researchers have used color matches such as Rayleigh matches, Moreland matches, the D&H color rule, and various combinations of different media for such investigations. However, none of them were originally aimed at investigating the interobserver variability in color‐normal populations, but rather were aimed at screening for color‐deficiencies. The objective of this study was, therefore, to design and carry out a color matching experiment where observer variability appeared as large as possible to detect the interobserver differences in the color‐normal population. Color matching was simulated under different combinations of reference spectrum and matching primaries using ColorChecker patches, different display/projector primaries, and the Stiles and Burch 49 observers. The simulation results showed: (1) The choice of spectra for the matching primaries had a significant effect on observer variability, (2) observer variability was large for near‐neutral reference colors, and (3) observer variability in the lightness direction was small relative to chromatic variability. The color matching experiment highlighting interobserver variability was designed based on these three findings and carried out for 61 color‐normal observers. Typical interobserver variability was 9.2 mean color difference from the mean (MCDM) using CIEDE2000 (spanning about 40 CIELAB units), which was much larger than any previous experiment. The obtained color matching data are useful for derivation, validation, and analysis of color matching functions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 530–539, 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color matching experiment for highlighting interobserver variability

Asano

Fairchild

Bouchet

et al. 2015

Color Research & Application

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“…Recently, this measure has been used to represent the primary coverage in order to evaluate the possibility of observer metamerism in displays [Ram09]. We propose a more general form of the FWHM metric which we call the Range at Weighted-Maximum (RWM) to accommodate multi-modal spectrum.…”

Section: Desired Characteristics Of the Chosen Primariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content‐Independent Multi‐Spectral Display Using Superimposed Projections

Majumder

et al. 2015

Computer Graphics Forum

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Figure 1: (a) Multi-spectral display system setup with three modified conventional 3-primary projectors, a conventional LCD 3-primary projector for comparison and a high spatial and spectral resolution spectroradiometer (SOC-730 hyperspectral camera) for measurements. (b)The candidate set of 30 primaries used for our prototype, (c) the existing r, g and b filters of the projectors, (d) the 9 filters chosen by our algorithm, (e) the 9-primaries generated by multiplying the r, g and b primaries with the 9 chosen filters. (f) and (g) show the results of our 9-primary multi-spectral display (left) when compared with a conventional 3-primary display (right). AbstractMany works focus on multi-spectral capture and analysis, but multi-spectral display still remains a challenge. Most prior works on multi-primary displays use ad-hoc narrow band primaries that assure a larger color gamut, but cannot assure a good spectral reproduction. Content-dependent spectral analysis is the only way to produce good spectral reproduction, but cannot be applied to general data sets. Wide primaries are better suited for assuring good spectral reproduction due to greater coverage of the spectral range, but have not been explored much. In this paper we explore the use of wide band primaries for accurate spectral reproduction for the first time and present the first content-independent multi-spectral display achieved using superimposed projections with modified wide band primaries. We present a content-independent primary selection method that selects a small set of n primaries from a large set of m candidate primaries where m > n. Our primary selection method chooses primaries with complete coverage of the range of visible wavelength (for good spectral reproduction accuracy), low interdependency (to limit the primaries to a small number) and higher light throughput (for higher light efficiency). Once the primaries are selected, the input values of the different primary channels to generate a desired spectrum are computed using an optimization method that minimizes spectral mismatch while maximizing visual quality. We implement a real prototype of multi-spectral display consisting of 9-primaries using three modified conventional 3-primary projectors, and compare it with a conventional display to demonstrate its superior performance. Experiments show our display is capable of providing large gamut assuring a good visual appearance while displaying any multi-spectral images at a high spectral accuracy.

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“…Being able to measure this effect is particularly important not only to help users choose the right display for color‐critical applications but also to help manufacturers design new display technologies . Oicherman et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being able to measure this effect is particularly important not only to help users choose the right display for colorcritical applications but also to help manufacturers design new display technologies. [3][4][5] Oicherman et al 6 studied the effect of observer metamerism (OM) on color matching of display and surface colors and suggested that traditional color-difference formulae such as CIEDE2000 can model it well. Aiming at developing a single index that allows to compare several displays, Long and Fairchild 7 proposed several indices to determine the sensitivity of a monitor to observer variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An observer‐metamerism sensitivity index for electronic displays

Moan

Tanksale

Byshko³

et al. 2017

J Soc Info Display

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The effect of observer metamerism induced by electronic displays depends to a large extent on their primary spectra (red, green, and blue in the most common case). In particular, for narrow‐band primary spectra whose peak wavelength lies in the range of high variability of the observer's color‐matching function, some observers can experience very large differences between actual surface colors (e.g. in a light booth) and displayed colors if the monitor is optimized for the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1931 standard observer. However, because narrow‐band light‐emitting diodes lead to larger color gamuts, more and more monitors with very narrow band primaries are coming onto the market without manufacturers taking into account the associated problem of observer variations. Being able to measure these variations accurately and efficiently is therefore an important objective. In this paper, we propose a new approach to predict the extent of observer metamerism for a particular multiprimary display. Unlike existing dedicated models, ours does not depend on a reference illuminant and a set of reflectance spectra and is computationally more efficient.

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Minimizing observer metamerism in display systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Color matching experiment for highlighting interobserver variability

Color matching experiment for highlighting interobserver variability

Content‐Independent Multi‐Spectral Display Using Superimposed Projections

An observer‐metamerism sensitivity index for electronic displays

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