An observer‐metamerism sensitivity index for electronic displays

Moan, Steven Le; Tanksale, Tejas Madan; Byshko, Roman; Urban, Philipp

doi:10.1002/jsid.605

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, changing the primary set was also found to cause observer metamerism, a phenomenon that the color appearance of a pair of color stimuli composed of two primary sets appear to match to one observer, but mismatch to other observers. It was found that the degrees of observer metamerism (i.e., the variations of color differences perceived by different observers) varied with the primary sets [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observer metamerism to display white point using different primary sets

Hu¹,

Mao²,

Luo³

2020

Opt. Express

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Displays with different primary sets were found to introduce perceived color mismatch between stimuli that are computationally metameric and to affect the variations of the perceived color difference of metameric stimuli among observers (i.e., observer metamerism). In this study, computational analyses and psychophysical experiments were carried out to investigate the possibilities of increasing the color gamut area of a commercially available liquid crystal display (LCD) system using 16 three-primary sets, so that the perceived color difference of the white point between the system and the reference display and observer metamerism can be minimized. It was found the primary set with the peak wavelengths of 450, 525, and 665 nm was able to increase the sRGB color gamut by 72.1% in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram, which was found to have a strong correlation to the color volume of wide color gamut displays, while introducing the minimal color mismatch to the white point of the reference display and observer metamerism. The small white point color mismatch could be due to the similar wavelengths of the blue and green primaries in comparison to the reference display. In addition, the experiment results suggested that the CIE 2006 2°Color Matching Functions (CMFs) had better performance in characterizing the color match of the white point than the CIE 1931 2°, 1964 10°, and 2006 10°CMFs, which could be due to the fact that the stimulus used in the experiment only had a field of view (FOV) around 3.8°.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observer metamerism to display white point using different primary sets

Hu¹,

Mao²,

Luo³

2020

Opt. Express

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“…Based on this type of CMFs database, metrics have been developed to characterize the OM of displays with a single average value of a set of colors [20] and displaying distributions of OM over the color gamut [21]. Another quantitative approach to assess the effect of OM with a single value is based on the principal angles between the vector subspaces spanned by the display primaries multiplied with the 2-CMF1931 and a dataset of individual observers [22,23].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Quantitative Observer Metamerism of Displays

Trumpy,

Andersen,

Farup

et al. 2023

J. Imaging

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Observer metamerism (OM) is the name given to the variability between the color matches that individual observers consider accurate. The standard color imaging approach, which uses color-matching functions of a single representative observer, does not accurately represent every individual observer’s perceptual properties. This paper investigates OM in color displays and proposes a quantitative assessment of the OM distribution across the chromaticity diagram. An OM metric is calculated from a database of individual LMS cone fundamentals and the spectral power distributions of the display’s primaries. Additionally, a visualization method is suggested to map the distribution of OM across the display’s color gamut. Through numerical assessment of OM using two distinct publicly available sets of individual observers’ functions, the influence of the selected dataset on the intensity and distribution of OM has been underscored. The case study of digital cinema has been investigated, specifically the transition from xenon-arc to laser projectors. The resulting heatmaps represent the “topography” of OM for both types of projectors. The paper also presents color difference values, showing that achromatic highlights could be particularly prone to disagreements between observers in laser-based cinema theaters. Overall, this study provides valuable resources for display manufacturers and researchers, offering insights into observer metamerism and facilitating the development of improved display technologies.

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“…Most existing metrics used to quantify observer metamerism 13‐20 are proposed based on three‐ and four‐primary‐based displays or projectors. Combination RGI (red, green, indigo) of the constructed system is the primary combination most similar to typical LCD/LED displays: the chromaticity coordinates of R is (0.69, 0.31), which is very close to sRGB red (0.64, 0.33); and the G (0.22, 0.71) is almost exactly the AdobeRGB green (0.21, 0.71); the I (0.15, 0.05) is almost exactly the blue of sRGB (0.15, 0.06).…”

Section: Metamer Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiprimary lighting system for customized color stimuli

Yuan

Murdoch

Fairchild

2021

Color Research & Application

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In this article, a dual seven‐primary lighting system is constructed for color research and education. The system offers sufficient spectral variability to approximate the spectral power distribution of a variety of standard illuminants. More importantly, the constructed multiprimary lighting system was verified to have crucial advantages over conventional displays/projectors to probe observer metamerism through the generation of individualized metameric color stimuli. An observer metamerism index to describe the potential for observer metamerism of any generated stimulus pairs with respect to the population variation of color‐normal observers is formulated. The metric is further extended for use in quantifying the potential for observer metamerism of any lighting system or a system‐primary combination. Moreover, 10 pairs of lighting stimuli, customized for exhibiting high degrees of observer variability, were produced using the system as a step toward creating a device for the color matching functions characterization of individual observers, a so‐called observer calibrator.

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An observer‐metamerism sensitivity index for electronic displays

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Observer metamerism to display white point using different primary sets

Observer metamerism to display white point using different primary sets

Mapping Quantitative Observer Metamerism of Displays

A multiprimary lighting system for customized color stimuli

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