Minimizing antibody cross-reactivity in multiplex detection of biomarkers in paper-based point-of-care assays

Abstract

Highly multiplexed immunoassays could allow convenient screening of hundreds or thousands of protein biomarkers simultaneously in a clinical sample such as serum or plasma, potentially allowing improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of many conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections, and several cancers. Currently, antibody microarray-based tests are limited in part due to cross reactivity from detection antibody reagents. Here we present a strategy that reduces the cross-reactivity between nanoparticle-bound reporter antibodies through the application of ultrasound energy. By this concept, it was possible to achieve a sensitivity 10(3)-fold (5 pg mL(-1)) lower than when no ultrasound was applied (50 ng mL(-1)) for the simultaneous detection of three different antigens. The detection limits and variability achieved with this technique rival those obtained with other types of multiplex sandwich assays.

Identification of metabolic markers in patients with type 2 Diabetes by Ultrafast gas chromatography coupled to electronic nose. A pilot study

“…These types of hypotheses can be further studied with targeted approaches (Méndez Rodríguez et al, 2019; Schrimpe‐Rutledge, Codreanu, Sherrod, & McLean, 2016). Some chemicals traces in biological matrices have emerged as biomarkers for different types of diseases (Dias, Lama, Gantelius, & Andersson‐Svahn, 2016; Huang et al, 2013; Patel, Maheshwari, & Chandra, 2016; T. J. Wang et al, 2011). The VOCs are compounds that can be generated by changes in metabolic processes in different pathologies and may occur even before clinical symptoms of the disease appear.…”

Minimizing Cross-Reactivity for the Chemiluminescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Cardiac Troponin I Based on PEGylation of Gold Nanoparticles

“…Thus, the antibodies were prevented from interacting with each other, and the cross-reactivity was eliminated. However, this method required a precise micropipette, making it unsuitable for large-scale and rapid detection . The hydrophobic cadmium-based quantum dots with enhanced dispersibility were studied as the probe for detecting SARS-CoV-2 that can minimize the cross-reactivity and increase the accuracy .…”

“…However, these methods involved the synthesis of fascinating nanoparticles, and the procedures were more complicated. In addition, the aggregation of these NPs may also cause a false signal due to the interactions of the nanoparticles . Dias et al used an ultrasonic standing wave technology to disperse the AuNPs to destroy the nonspecific interaction between the antibodies and the AuNPs and improve the sensitivity of a multiplex immunoassay by nearly 1000-fold .…”

Design of a molecular imprinting biosensor with multi-scale roughness for detection across a broad spectrum of biomolecules

“…Compared to the traditional immunohistochemistry, electrochemical sensors provide results quickly and are inexpensive and portable. 4,5,19 In our previous study, electrochemical detection was presented as an ideal alternative to conventional ELISA for protein biomarker quantification. 20 Moreover, DNA chips producing electrical signals have long been proposed.…”

“…Although there has been an enormous amount of research on biosensors in the past two decades, most of them are only capable of detecting certain analytes based on their special properties or the relationship between the analyte and the interface. 19,26,[39][40][41][42] Designing a biosensor platform applicable to a broad range of the biomolecules can greatly improve the detection efficiency. Hence, molecular imprinting based on the classic "lock and key" model turns out to be a universal detection platform for application on various analytes.…”