Minimal Timing Jitter in Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors

Vodolazov, D. Yu.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.11.014016

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…(1) Dependence of the detection current on the position of the absorption site across the strip was theoretically studied in Refs. [7,10]. The difference between the maximum and the minimum of the local detection current within the strip width along with the dependence of the maximum detection current on the photon energy give an estimate of σ E ≈ 50 meV, which is much smaller than our experimental values of σ E ≈ 330 meV.…”

Section: Previously Discussed Broadening Mechanismscontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Such areas are defined by constrictions [18] and static local fluctuations in the strip thickness [11] or in the superconducting energy gap [19]. The barrier also depends on the position across the strip [7,10]. The presence of such fluctuation does not affect the statistics of dark counts but modifies their mean count rate.…”

Section: Fluctuation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the most important performance metrics of these detectors is the timing jitter that measures stochastic variations in the time delay between the arrival of a photon and the appearance of the detector response to this photon [4][5][6][7]. So far, several effects which may cause jitter have been considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local thermal fluctuations in current-carrying superconducting nanowires

et al. 2020

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We analyze the effect of different types of fluctuations in internal electron energy on the rates of dark and photon counts in straight current-carrying superconducting nanowires. Dark counts appear due to thermal fluctuations in statistically independent cells with the effective size of the order of the coherence length; each count corresponds to an escape from the equilibrium state through an appropriate saddle point. For photon counts, spectral broadening of the deterministic cutoff in the spectra of the detection efficiency can be phenomenologically explained by local thermal fluctuations in the electron energy within cells with the same effective volume as for dark counts.

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Section: Previously Discussed Broadening Mechanismscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Fluctuation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local thermal fluctuations in current-carrying superconducting nanowires

et al. 2020

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“…An experimental study of the jitter associated with meandered [24] and straight [25] nanowires found asymmetry in the jitter profile which was attributed to intrinsic effects, and more recently, an increase in timing jitter was measured in straight NbN nanowires with increasing magnetic field [26] which was qualitatively explained by the hotspot model [15]. The same model is used to study the effects of transverse position dependence on timing jitter [27]. Experimental progress through the use of specialized short structures and low noise cryogenic amplifiers has enabled the measurement of record low timing jitter in niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires, as low as 2.7 ps FWHM [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Timing Jitter and Latency in Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors

et al. 2019

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We analyze the origin of the intrinsic timing jitter in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) in terms of fluctuations in the latency of the detector response, which is determined by the microscopic physics of the photon detection process. We demonstrate that fluctuations in the physical parameters which determine the latency give rise to the intrinsic timing jitter. We develop a general description of latency by introducing the explicit time dependence of the internal detection efficiency. By considering the dynamic Fano fluctuations together with static spatial inhomogeneities, we study the details of the connection between latency and timing jitter. We develop both a simple phenomenological model and a more general microscopic model of detector latency and timing jitter based on the solution of the generalized time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations for the 1D hotbelt geometry. While the analytical model is sufficient for qualitative interpretation of recent data, the general approach establishes the framework for a quantitative analysis of detector latency and the fundamental limits of intrinsic timing jitter. These theoretical advances can be used to interpret the results of recent experiments measuring the dependence of detection latency and timing jitter on photon energy to the few-picosecond level.

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“…Standard deviation (STD) or FWHM associated with the PDF are both the measure of the jitter. Timing jitter in superconducting nanowires has been actively investigated in a few past years both theoretically [3]- [7] and experimentally [8]- [13]. Many efforts have been implemented Artem Kuzmin, Steffen Doerner, Stefan Wuensch, Konstantin Ilin, Michael Siegel are with Institut für Mikro-und Nanoelektronische Systeme (IMS) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany (email: artem.kuzmin@kit.edu).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometrical Jitter and Bolometric Regime in Photon Detection by Straight Superconducting Nanowire

Kuzmin

Doerner

Sidorova

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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We present a direct observation of the geometrical jitter in single photon detection by a straight superconducting nanowire. Differential measurement technique was applied to the 180-µm long nanowire similar to those commonly used in the technology of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPD). A non-gaussian geometrical jitter appears as a wide almost uniform probability distribution (histogram) of the delay time (latency) of the nanowire response to detected photon. White electrical noise of the readout electronics causes broadened, Gaussian shaped edges of the histogram. Subtracting noise contribution, we found for the geometrical jitter a standard deviation of ≈8.5 ps and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the distribution of ≈29 ps. FWHM corresponds to the propagation speed of the electrical signal along the nanowire of ≈6.2×10 6 m/s or 0.02 of the speed of light. Alternatively the propagation speed was estimated from the central frequency of the measured first order self-resonance of the nanowire. Both values agree well with each other and with previously reported values. As the intensity of the incident photon flux increases, the wide probability distribution collapses into a much narrower Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation dominated by the noise of electronics. We associate the collapse of the histogram with the transition from the discrete, single photon detection to the uniform bolometric regime.

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Minimal Timing Jitter in Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Local thermal fluctuations in current-carrying superconducting nanowires

Local thermal fluctuations in current-carrying superconducting nanowires

Intrinsic Timing Jitter and Latency in Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors

Geometrical Jitter and Bolometric Regime in Photon Detection by Straight Superconducting Nanowire

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