Minimal number of morphoagronomic characters required for the identification of pineapple (Ananas comosus) cultivars in peatlands of Riau, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Rosmaina, Elfianis R, Almaksur A, Zulfahmi. 2021. Minimal number of morphoagronomic characters required for the identification of pineapple (Ananas comosus) cultivars in peatlands of Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3854-3862. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L Merr) is a tropical fruit that has high economic value. In Riau Province, Indonesia, pineapples grow and produce well on various types of land, including the highly acidic peatland. There are many types of pineapples grown by from generation to generation, but so far, there have been no reports regarding the diversity of pineapples in peatlands. This study aimed to determine the minimal number of characters distinguishing pineapple morphological and agronomic characters in peatlands. The observations were done on 24 local genotypes of pineapple in peatlands. Characterization were carried out on 49 morphological and agronomic characters according to the Pineapple descriptor from the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGRI). The data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis, in which the principal components analysis was used for qualitative and quantitative traits. Based on the results of this study, there were at least 12 characters proposed to describe pineapple in peatlands, viz. seven qualitative characters (fruit base leaf color (collar), fruit shape, bractea color, fruit eye profile, fruit eye surface, flesh color, crown attachment to fruit) and five quantitative characters (fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, plant height, number of leaves and leaf length). Out of the 49 traits observed, 12 selected characters can be used as a minimal number of characters that can be used to identify pineapple cultivars on peatland. The findings of this research are rewarding for the conservation and management of genetic resources, selection, and breeding activities of pineapple plants.

Pineapple genetic diversity in Riau peat land assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker

“…The use of RAPD for identifying and detecting hybrids in pineapples has been also reported by [17]. This study confirms the results of the morphological characterization reported in previous studies [5] that found diversity based on the morphological characteristics of pineapples cultivated in Riau. Based on the similarity coefficient in the UPGMA dendrogram, the Queen group consists of seven genotypes having a similarity coefficient of 0.72 to 0.91.…”

“…The diversity of pineapples at the conventional farmer's level is high, it can be seen from the variety of plant characters and fruit quality in the fields. There are at least six variants of pineapple found in Riau as reported by previous studies [5]. The high variation of the pineapple at the farmer level is caused by cross-pollination between pineapple cultivars in the field, high frequency of somaclonal variation, and heterozygous pineapple due to self-incompatible.The farmers often mixed several genotypes of pineapple within one field.…”

“…Riau province is one of the center pineapple-producing in Indonesia, with a total production in 2021 year of 354,878.00 tons [3]. The high production of pineapple in Riau is supported by the availability of land for pineapple cultivation and local cultivars that grow well in various soil conditions, The types of pineapple cultivated in Riau were Queen and Smooth Cayenne [5]. Queen has characteristics as follows: spiny leaves, a cylindrical fruit shape, tapering sharply from near the base, prominent and small fruit eyes, nonfibrous flesh, less water content, crunchy, and the fruit size varies (0.5-1.2 kg).…”

“…Therefore, identification and characterization were needed to determine the diversity of local pineapple germplasm in Riau Province. Characterization and identification can be done conventionally through morphological markers and molecularly [5]. However, morphological characterization is time-consuming and dependent on the phase of plant growth, season, and environment that affect the phenotype.…”

Diversity of twenty-three sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) varieties in Indonesia

“…The PCV was higher than the GCV for all studied traits, suggesting an environmental influence on trait variation (Behera et al 2018;Buthelezi et al 2019;Bayisa et al 2020) as reported in other studies (Niji et al 2018;Abe and Adelegan 2019;Chavan et al 2020). The higher PCV is because the observed traits were quantitative characters easily influenced by the environment (Rosmaina et al 2021). A smaller difference between the PCV and GCV was observed for plant height, ear height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, days to 50% silking, ASI, ear length, kernel length, 100-grain weight, TSS, ear shelf life, green ear shelf life, ear weight, and green ear yield, suggesting there was less of an environmental effect on the phenotypic expression of these traits.…”