Miniaturized Transmission-Line Sensor for Broadband Dielectric Characterization of Biological Liquids and Cell Suspensions

Haase, Nora; Fuge, Grischa; Trieu, Hoc Khiem; Zeng, An‐Ping; Jacob, Arne F.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2015.2472009

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Two unmixed liquid samples, which are the 100% deionized (DI) water and 100% ethanol, are separately characterized and quantified. The measured transmission coefficients, S 21 , for each unmixed liquid solution are used as the reference parameters. For the frequency band from 90.7 to 91.2 GHz, the measured transmission coefficient |S 21 | of the unmixed DI Fig.…”

Section: A Measurement Setup and Sensor Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 5 shows the measured transmission coefficient |S 21 | of the ethanol concentration, which was varied in the step of 10% starting from 0 to 100%. Fig.…”

Section: B Di-water/ethanol Liquid Mixture Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where |∆S 21 | is the magnitude of the relative transmission coefficient, which is the difference between the measured transmission coefficient of the liquid mixture (S 21(measured) ) and the measured reference transmission coefficient of the unmixed DI water (S 21(DI water) . E P is the percentage of ethanol content in the ethanol/DI water liquid mixture.…”

Section: B Di-water/ethanol Liquid Mixture Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission-line methods, on the other hand, have been used to characterize both liquids and solids and offer broadband characterization compared to the resonance techniques [18]. Transmission-line methods are widely used in liquid characterization than resonance methods [19]- [21], since the liquid solutions usually exhibit very high material losses, which significantly attenuate the peak amplitude at the resonant frequency of the resonance methods and thereby reduce the measurement accuracy [8], [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nano-Fluidic Millimeter-Wave Lab-on-a-Waveguide Sensor for Liquid-Mixture Characterization

et al. 2018

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Abstract-This paper reports on a miniaturized lab-on-awaveguide liquid-mixture sensor, achieving highly-accurate nanoliter liquid sample characterization, for biomedical applications. The nanofluidic-integrated millimeter-wave sensor design is based on near-field transmission-line technique implemented by a single loop slot antenna operating at 91 GHz, fabricated into the lid of a photolaser-based subtractive manufactured WR-10 rectangular waveguide. The nanofluidic subsystem, which is mounted on top of the antenna aperture, is fabricated by using multiple Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layers to encapsulate and isolate the liquid sample during the experiment, hence, offering various preferable features e.g. noninvasive and contactless measurements. Moreover, the sensor is reusable by replacing only the nanofluidic subsystem, resulting a cost-effective sensor. The novel sensor can measure a liquid volume of as low as 210 nanoliters, while still achieving a discrimination accuracy of better than 2% of ethanol in the ethanol/deionized-water liquid mixture with a standard deviation of lower than 0.008 from at least three repeated measurements, resulting in the highest accurate ethanol and DI-water discriminator reported to date. The nanofluidic-integrated millimeter-wave sensor also offers other advantages such as ease of design, low fabrication and material cost, and no life-cycle limitation of the millimeter-wave subsystem.Index Terms-biomedical liquid mixtures, nanofluidic, millimeter-wave sensor, transmission line method, W-band.

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Section: A Measurement Setup and Sensor Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 5 shows the measured transmission coefficient |S 21 | of the ethanol concentration, which was varied in the step of 10% starting from 0 to 100%. Fig.…”

Section: B Di-water/ethanol Liquid Mixture Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Di-water/ethanol Liquid Mixture Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-Fluidic Millimeter-Wave Lab-on-a-Waveguide Sensor for Liquid-Mixture Characterization

et al. 2018

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“…The recent advances in microwave dielectric spectroscopy along with the progress in micro-and nanotechnologies have stimulated the development of miniature microwave biosensors for liquid characterization, enabling development in the lab-on-a-chip devices [23,24]. Microwave biological sensors for microliter and even nanoliter liquid samples find applications in many research fields, such as chemical synthesis, biological analysis, and medical diagnosis [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. There has therefore been great interest in recent years in the development of miniature biosensors based on microwave dielectric spectroscopy analysis for liquid characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensor Using a One-Port Interdigital Capacitor: A Resonance-Based Investigation of the Permittivity Sensitivity for Microfluidic Broadband Bioelectronics Applications

et al. 2020

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Electronics is a field of study ubiquitous in our daily lives, since this discipline is undoubtedly the driving force behind developments in many other disciplines, such as telecommunications, automation, and computer science. Nowadays, electronics is becoming more and more widely applied in life science, thus leading to an increasing interest in bioelectronics that is a major segment of bioengineering. A bioelectronics application that has gained much attention in recent years is the use of sensors for biological samples, with emphasis given to biosensors performing broadband sensing of small-volume liquid samples. Within this context, this work aims at investigating a microfluidic sensor based on a broadband one-port coplanar interdigital capacitor (IDC). The microwave performance of the sensor loaded with lossless materials under test (MUTs) is achieved by using finite-element method (FEM) simulations carried out with Ansoft's high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The microfluidic channel for the MUT has a volume capacity of 0.054 µL. The FEM simulations show a resonance in the admittance that is reproduced with a five-lumped-element equivalent-circuit model. By changing the real part of the relative permittivity of the MUT up to 70, the corresponding variations in both the resonant frequency of the FEM simulations and the capacitance of the equivalent-circuit model are analyzed, thereby enabling assessment of the permittivity sensitivity of the studied IDC. Furthermore, it is shown that, although the proposed local equivalent-circuit model is able to mimic faithfully the FEM simulations locally around the resonance in the admittance, a higher number of circuit elements can achieve a better agreement between FEM and equivalent-circuit simulation over the entire broad frequency going range from 0.3 MHz to 35 GHz.

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Numerical modeling of two microwave sensors for biomedical applications

Bao

Crupi

Ocket

et al. 2020

Int J Numerical Modelling

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The purpose of this invited paper is to give readers a critical and comprehensive overview on how to extract dielectric properties of a bioliquid within a broad frequency range. Two sensors are used in the paper to characterize saline solutions by measuring the broadband complex permittivity. The two sensors are based on transmission line and interdigital electrodes designed for low-and high-frequency measurements, respectively, on the basis of the coplanar waveguide structure due to its convenience of fabrication and integration with microfluidic structures for liquid measurements. Different from traditional work where the finite element simulation method is used, the characterization theories of the two sensors are built based on a numerical modeling procedure, which can dramatically increase the device design efficiency, taking just a few seconds. Differently from the finite element method, the proposed numerical analysis utilizes a conformal mapping technique for both sensors. The characterization theories of the two sensors are validated by measuring de-ionized water. The platform is finally used to measure 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L saline solutions within a broadband frequency range going from 10 up to 50 GHz, with the repeatability error within 5%.

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Miniaturized Transmission-Line Sensor for Broadband Dielectric Characterization of Biological Liquids and Cell Suspensions

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

Nano-Fluidic Millimeter-Wave Lab-on-a-Waveguide Sensor for Liquid-Mixture Characterization

Nano-Fluidic Millimeter-Wave Lab-on-a-Waveguide Sensor for Liquid-Mixture Characterization

Biosensor Using a One-Port Interdigital Capacitor: A Resonance-Based Investigation of the Permittivity Sensitivity for Microfluidic Broadband Bioelectronics Applications

Numerical modeling of two microwave sensors for biomedical applications

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