Miniature Millimeter-Wave 5G Antenna Fabricated Using Anodized Aluminum Oxide for Mobile Devices

Abstract

A miniature millimeter-wave 5G antenna fabricated using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is devised and demonstrated for mobile devices. The proposed structure creates a dielectric layer on an aluminum plate using AAO topology and allows the antenna pattern to be placed on the dielectric layer. The proposed AAO-based antenna reduces the size (1.87 (0.18λ 0 ) mm × 2.34 (0.22λ 0 ) mm) of the antenna in proportion to the dielectric constant (ε r = 6.7), which is higher than those of the conventional materials such as polycarbonates (PC) or a flame retardant (FR4). In addition, it is possible to precisely control the dielectric layer dimensions and generate a dielectric layer on the metal substrate itself, which greatly increases the design freedom. As a result, the devised antenna resonates at 29 GHz, and the measured gain is 5.02 dBi.

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Based On-Body Patch Antenna for Detecting COVID-19-Affected Lungs

“… 19 − 21 Different materials are frequently used in patch antenna design, such as copper, 22 − 24 gold, 25 − 27 and aluminum. 28 , 29 However, the use of these conventional materials usually provides narrow bandwidth. 30 , 31 In recent years, many research groups have explored nanomaterials such as graphene, 32 ZnO nanorods, 33 TiO 2 , 34 multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 31 , 35 and so forth, designing the radiating element of the patch antenna.…”

“…Microstrip patch antennas are becoming immensely popular in biomedical applications due to their major characteristics, such as lower profile, agreeable to planar, non-planar exterior, simple and uncomplicated fabrication, and vigorous design. Many researchers have investigated the use of microstrip patch antennas for the early detection of breast cancer, , brain tumor, , lung cancer, and many other biomedical applications. , Patch antennas are preferred over others for biomedical applications due to their low weight, thin profile, linear and circular polarization, dual and multi-frequency operation capacity, and ease of fabrication. − Different materials are frequently used in patch antenna design, such as copper, − gold, − and aluminum. , However, the use of these conventional materials usually provides narrow bandwidth. , In recent years, many research groups have explored nanomaterials such as graphene, ZnO nanorods, TiO 2 , multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), , and so forth, designing the radiating element of the patch antenna. Besides, these nanomaterials have been used in many other photothermal − and optical device applications. − Among these, MWCNTs possess the potential to be used to design wide bandwidth patch antenna due to their superior alternating current conductivity and electromagnetic wave interactions.…”

Photocatalytic activation of TiO2-functionalized anodic aluminium oxide for electroless copper deposition

“…Recently, AAO is also finding applications as a dielectric layer in micro- and nanoelectronic applications, especially for energy conversion and storage devices. 6 Alumina has a dielectric constant, higher than that of SiO 2 , which can effectively be fine-tuned by adjusting the filling factor of porous AAO, 7 which is advantageous for the fabrication of capacitors, 8,9 thin-film transistors, 10,11 RF antennae, 12 and chemical sensors. 3,5,13…”

Novel Compact Design and Investigation of a Super Wideband Millimeter Wave Antenna for Body-Centric Communications

“…Researchers claimed they had used 99.99% pure aluminum thin sheet, which reduces the antenna volume and weight, making it suitable for mobile devices. e antenna operates at 29 GHz and has a gain of 5.02 dB to 5.62 dB [11].…”