Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Based On-Body Patch Antenna for Detecting COVID-19-Affected Lungs

Abstract

A novel rectangular patch antenna based on multiwall carbon nanotubes has been designed and developed for assisting the initial detection of COVID-19-affected lungs. Due to their highly conductive nature, each nanotube echoes electromagnetic waves in a unique manner, influencing the increase in bandwidth. The proposed antenna operates at 6.63, 7.291, 7.29, and 7.22 GHz with a higher bandwidth classified as an ultrawide band and can be used on a human body phantom model because of its flexibility and decreased radiation qualities. Flame retardant 4 is chosen as a substrate with a uniform thickness of 1.62 mm due to its inexpensive cost and excellent electrical properties. The maximum specific absorption rate of the proposed antenna is obtained as 1.77 W/kg for 10 g of tissues. For testing purposes, a model including all the known features of COVID-19-affected lungs is developed. The designed antenna exhibits excellent performance in free space, normal lungs, and affected lung environments. It might be utilized as a first screening device for COVID-19 patients, especially in resource-constrained areas where traditional medical equipment such as X-ray and computerized tomography scans are scarce.

The Emergence of Carbon Nanomaterials as Effective Nano-Avenues to Fight against COVID-19

“…In the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the fluorescence intensity of the nanosensor doubled itself within 90 min to facilitate faithful detection of the virus with a limit of 12.6 nM. For the initial screening of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Hasan et al [ 30 ] prepared a CNT-based on-body patch antenna for detecting the condition of COVID-19-affected lungs. To develop the antenna, a primarily CNT solution was spin-coated on a flame-retardant 4 (FR4) substrate, and then the antenna was operated in the range of 6.63–7.29 GHz with a maximum specific absorption rate of 1.77 W/kg for 10 g of tissues.…”

COVID‐19: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment by Using Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Materials

“…Since pneumonia caused by COVID-19 could lead to lung infection and respiratory failure, early detection of the disease is essential to morbidity. [4] Hasan et al [159] fabricated a novel rectangular patch antenna made from MWCNTs for early detection of pneumonia-infected lungs. MWCNTs are suitable for this application following their excellent alternating current conductivity and electromagnetic radiations, essential criteria for developing a wide bandwidth patch antenna.…”

“…Since pneumonia caused by COVID‐19 could lead to lung infection and respiratory failure, early detection of the disease is essential to morbidity [4] . Hasan et al [159] . fabricated a novel rectangular patch antenna made from MWCNTs for early detection of pneumonia‐infected lungs.…”