Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ashes from Two High-Sulfur Coal-Fired Power Plants in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China

Wei, Qiang; Song, Weijiao

doi:10.3390/min10040323

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Similar dependence of the Li enrichment in fly ash on the ash content of the feed coals has been shown for feed coal-fly ash comparisons from India (Bhangare et al, 2011) and China (Dai et al, 2014;J. Li et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2019;Wei & Song, 2020), suggesting almost complete partitioning of the Li in the combusted coal into the resulting fly ash.…”

Section: Air-borne Emissions From Coal Combustion and Retention Of Lithium In Coal Combustion Residualssupporting

confidence: 70%

Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Lithium

Schlesinger

Klein

Wang

et al. 2021

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Lithium is the lightest alkali metal and is one of a group of three elements (Li, Be, and B) that are anomalously rare in the Universe based on the standard cosmological model (Malaney & Fowler, 1988;Vangioni & Cassé, 2018). Due to its particular chemical properties (i.e., low atomic mass, high reactivity, and easy exchange of the outermost of its three electrons), Li has become a key element in modern batteries. A typical electric vehicle battery, for example, may contain as much as 12 kg of Li, which-combined with other industrial applications-contributes to the growing worldwide demand for Li (Bibienne et al., 2020).Lithium is mined commercially from pegmatite minerals (e.g., lepidolite and spodumene) mostly in Australia and China. Large quantities of Li are also extracted from evaporite minerals and associated brines, with the largest production occurring in Chile, Argentina, and the United States. Current annual global production of Li is 77,000 mt/year (77 × 10 9 g/year; U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). At current use, proven reserves are expected to last for about 200 years, but demand for Li is estimated to increase 10-fold by 2050 (Sovacool et al., 2020). Junne et al. (2020) estimate that the ratio of cumulative Li demand to reserves may be as high as 6.5. Clearly, new deposits must be found, and large-scale recycling instituted, to accommodate increasing future demand.Although Li has no known role in biochemistry, it has long been used to treat bipolar disorder and other problems of mental health (Geddes et al., 2004). The mechanism of its efficacy has not been fully elucidated (Curran & Ravindran, 2014). At high levels, Li is toxic to plants (

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Section: Air-borne Emissions From Coal Combustion and Retention Of Lithium In Coal Combustion Residualssupporting

confidence: 70%

Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Lithium

Schlesinger

Klein

Wang

et al. 2021

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…The slag also consists of nonmagnetic particles (see Table S1). The values of the content of the elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb) in the fly ash and in the slag generally do not differ from the content in the fly ash and the slag hitherto measured in other power stations in Poland [106,107], the north-east of Spain [108], India [16], Turkey [21,109], and China [25,110] (Table 2). The content of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Pb in the fly ash and the Co content in the slag are the highest (similarly to the feed coal) in the combustion residues from PS-a, and the lowest in the residues from PS-b.…”

Section: General Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics Of The Subject Of The Researchmentioning

confidence: 76%

Distribution and Mode of Occurrence of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb in the Feed Coal, Fly Ash, Slag, in the Topsoil and in the Roots of Trees and Undergrowth Downwind of Three Power Stations in Poland

Parzentny

Róg

2021

Minerals

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It is supposed that the determination of the content and the mode of occurrence of ecotoxic elements (EE) in feed coal play the most significant role in forecasting distribution of EE in the soil and plants in the vicinity of power stations. Hence, the aim of the work was to analyze the properties of the feed coal, the combustion residues, and the topsoil which are reached by EE together with dust from power stations. The mineral and organic phases, which are the main hosts of EE, were identified by microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray methods. The highest content of elements was observed in the Oi and Oe subhorizons of the topsoil. Their hosts are various types of microspheres and char, emitted by power stations. In the areas of long-term industrial activity, there are also sharp-edged grains of magnetite emitted in the past by zinc, lead, and ironworks. The enrichment of the topsoil with these elements resulted in the increase in the content of EE, by between 0.2 times for Co; and 41.0 times for Cd in the roots of Scots pine, common oak and undergrowth, especially in the rhizodermis and the primary cortex and, more seldom, in the axle roller and cortex cells.

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“…Class F generally requires an addition of air entrainer, which is not required by the class C fly ash. When it comes to the application, class F is used in high SO 4 3− exposure conditions, has high fly ash content concrete mixes and is explored for the structural and HP concretes. Whereas class C fly ash is not suitable for high sulfate conditions, limited to low fly ash content concrete mixes are mainly used for the residential construction.…”

Section: Elemental Properties Of Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be further converted to nanoalumina powders by several chemical methods, such as thermal decomposition [96], co-precipitation. The major fractions of fly ash are silica that can be extracted by both chemical (NaOH or KOH treatment) and microbial (bacterial and fungal) approaches [4]. Silica is extracted from the fly ash in the form of sodium silicate using chemical methods.…”

Section: Fly Ash As a Source Of Ferrous Alumina And Silicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Methods for Recovery of Ferrous, Alumina, and Silica Nanoparticles from Fly Ash Waste

Yadav

Fulekar

2020

Ceramics

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Fly ash or coal fly ash causes major global pollution in the form of solid waste and is classified as a “hazardous waste”, which is a by-product of thermal power plants produced during electricity production. Si, Al, Fe Ca, and Mg alone form more than 85% of the chemical compounds and glasses of most fly ashes. Fly ash has a chemical composition of 70–90%, as well as glasses of ferrous, alumina, silica, and CaO. Therefore, fly ash could act as a reliable and alternative source for ferrous, alumina, and silica. The ferrous fractions can be recovered by a simple magnetic separation method, while alumina and silica can be extracted by chemical or biological approaches. Alumina extraction is possible using both alkali- and acid-based methods, while silica is extracted by strong alkali, such as NaOH. Chemical extraction has a higher yield than the biological approaches, but the bio-based approaches are more environmentally friendly. Fly ash can also be used for the synthesis of zeolites by NaOH treatment of variable types, as fly ash is rich in alumino-silicates. The present review work deals with the recent advances in the field of the recovery and synthesis of ferrous, alumina, and silica micro and nanoparticles from fly ash.

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Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ashes from Two High-Sulfur Coal-Fired Power Plants in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Lithium

Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Lithium

Distribution and Mode of Occurrence of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb in the Feed Coal, Fly Ash, Slag, in the Topsoil and in the Roots of Trees and Undergrowth Downwind of Three Power Stations in Poland

Advances in Methods for Recovery of Ferrous, Alumina, and Silica Nanoparticles from Fly Ash Waste

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