Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Soils in Loess Overlying Shale in Northwestern Illinois

Jones, Robin L.; Ray, B. W.; Fehrenbacher, J. B.; Beavers, A. H.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1967.03615995003100060026x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The somewhat greater vermiculite content in the loess of the Green Bay Lobe relative to the Driftless Area may be due to the weathering of the thinner loess mantle. Oxidation and weathering of detrital chlorite to vermiculite and possibly transformation of mica to vermiculite have been documented in thin loess mantles, although the latter reaction is mostly restricted to upper horizons of soils such as these (Jones et al, 1967;Borchert et al, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mississippi Valley regional source of loess on the southern Green Bay Lobe land surface, Wisconsin

2011

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Loess has been recognized on the glacial land surface of the Green Bay Lobe for over 100 yr, but no systematic explanation of the source of the loess has been advanced. Intriguingly, the loess on the Green Bay Lobe land surface is thicker than predicted by regional thinning trends from the Mississippi Valley and is geographically separated from much loess of southwest Wisconsin by a sandy region devoid of loess. Mapping based on soil survey interpretation indicates that the loess occurs above an escarpment marking the eastern end of the sandy loess-free region. Particle size fining trends demonstrate that the loess was transported by northwesterly winds. Clay mineralogy of the Green Bay Lobe loess is distinctly different than glaciogenic sediments and matches loess of the Mississippi Valley, indicating a regional source and long distance transport of the loess. We propose the loess was transported from the regional source along a surface of transport produced by migration of eolian sand through low-relief landscapes including the glacial Lake Wisconsin basin. Eolian sand migration caused repeated entrainment of dust leading to east-southeastward transport. The loess accumulated above an escarpment that limited sand mobility and re-entrainment of loess beyond this topographic barrier.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mississippi Valley regional source of loess on the southern Green Bay Lobe land surface, Wisconsin

2011

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“…Pioneering work on the geochemistry of loess by workers in Illinois identified silt-size fractions where certain elements are concentrated. Beavers et al (1963) and Jones et al (1967) found that Zr has the highest concentrations in coarse silt (50-20 pm), whereas Ti and K have the highest concentrations in fine silt (20-2 pm), when size fractions are separated by sedimentation. Therefore, it is expected that Zr concentrations ought to decrease away from a source whereas K and Ti concentrations should increase away from a source.…”

Section: Upper Peoria Loess Transect In Western Iowamentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Variations in Peoria Loess of Western Iowa Indicate Paleowinds of Midcontinental North America during Last Glaciation

2000

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(AGCMs) provide simulations of past, present, and future Peoria Loess deposited in western Iowa during the last glacial climates on global or regional scales. Because these models are maximum (LGM) shows distinct geochemical and particle-size simplified reconstructions of the atmosphere, they require cornvariations as a function of both depth and distance east of the Darison with emDiricallv based reconstructions~ The geologic Missouri River. Geochemical and particle-size data indicate that Peoria Loess in western Iowa probably had two sources: the Missouri River valley, and a source that lay to the west of the Missouri River. Both sources indicate that LGM paleowinds in western Iowa had a strong westerly component, similar to interpretations of previous workers. A compilation of loess studies in Iowa and elsewhere indicates that westerlv winds were dominant during . , loess transport over much of the midcontinent south of the Laurentide ice sheet, which is not in agreement with paleowinds simulated by atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). AGCMs consistently generate a glacial anticyclone with easterly or northeasterly winds over the Laurentide ice sheet and the area to the south of it. Loess deposition in the midcontinent during theLGM may be a function of infrequent northwesterly winds that were unrelated to the presence of the glacial anticyclone. 0 2000 University of Washington.

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“…The loess-derived soils are very productive due to their ability to hold water and nutrients (Jones et al, 1967). However, the fields in Clear Creek have some of the highest erosion rates in Iowa (e.g., Cruse et al, 2006).…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory: A Scientific Testbed for Understanding Critical Zone Processes in Agroecosystems

Wilson

Abban

Keefer

et al. 2018

Vadose Zone Journal

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In intensively managed landscapes, interactions between surface (tillage) and subsurface (tile drainage) management with prevailing climate/weather alter landscape characteristics, transport pathways, and transformation rates of surface/ subsurface water, soil/sediment, and particulate/dissolved nutrients. To capture the high spatial and temporal variability of constituent transport and residence times in the critical zone (between the bedrock and canopy) of these altered landscapes, both storm event and continuous measurements are needed. The Intensively Managed Landscapes Critical Zone Observatory (IML-CZO) is comprised of three highly characterized, well instrumented, and representative watersheds (i.e., Clear Creek, Iowa; Upper Sangamon River, Illinois; and Minnesota River, Minnesota). It is organized to quantify the heterogeneity in structure and dynamic response of critical zone processes to human activities in the context of the glacial and management (anthropogenic) legacies. Observations of water, sediment, and nutrients are made at nested points of the landscape in the vertical and lateral directions during and between storm events (i.e., continuously). The measurements and corresponding observational strategy are organized as follows. First, reference measurements from surface soil and deep core extractions, geophysical surveys, lidar, and hyperspectral data, which are common across all Critical Zone Observatories, are available. The reference measurements include continuous quantification of energy, water, solutes, and sediment fluxes. The reference measurements are complemented with event-based measurements unique to IML-CZO. These measurements include water table fluctuations, enrichment ratios, and roughness as well as bank erosion, hysteresis, sediment sources, and lake/floodplain sedimentation. The coupling of reference and event-based measurements support testing of the central hypothesis (i.e., system shifts from transformer to transporter in IML-CZO due to the interplay between management and weather/climate). Data collected since 2014 are available through a data repository and through the Geodashboard interface, which can be used for process-based model simulations.

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Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Soils in Loess Overlying Shale in Northwestern Illinois

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Mississippi Valley regional source of loess on the southern Green Bay Lobe land surface, Wisconsin

Mississippi Valley regional source of loess on the southern Green Bay Lobe land surface, Wisconsin

Geochemical Variations in Peoria Loess of Western Iowa Indicate Paleowinds of Midcontinental North America during Last Glaciation

The Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory: A Scientific Testbed for Understanding Critical Zone Processes in Agroecosystems

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