Mineralogic and fluid inclusion studies of the Turmalina Cu-Mo-bearing breccia pipe, northern Peru

Orthomagmatic origin for the Ilkwang Cu–W breccia-pipe deposit, southeastern Kyongsang Basin, South Korea

“…Fluid inclusion data (Carson and Sawkins, 1980;Sillitoe and Sawkins, 1971;Yang and Bodnar, 1994) from Ilkwang is also consistent with results from porphyry-copper-associated, tourmalinebearing breccia pipe mineralization elsewhere in the Circum-Pacific region. However, most granitic rocks in the Kyongsang Basin do not contain economic porphyry copper-type mineralization, although there is active exploration activity for copper deposits in this area (personal communication, Park and James, 2001).…”

Metal Deposits in Relation to Plate Tectonics

“…In the Washington pipe, Sonora (Simmons and Sawkins 1983) there is intense development of pyrite, accompanied by quartz, sericite, and tourmaline at near-surface levels. The Turmalina pipe in northern Peru (Carlson and Sawkins 1980) is strongly zoned with respect to copper and molybdenum values and, surprisingly, changes from high molybdenum values near surface to high copper values at depth ( Fig. In the deepest levels the assemblage chalcopyrite-chlorite-calcite is dominant, although numerous patches ofK -silicate alteration are found.…”

“…Mineralized breccia pipes that are not integral parts of porphyry copper deposits occur widely in Chile (Sillitoe and Sawkins 1971), northern Mexico (Sillitoe 1976a), and the southwestern USA (Kuhn 1941;Johnson and Lowell 1961), but examples are also known from Peru (Carlson and Sawkins 1980), Korea (Fletcher 1977), and northern Australia (Knutson et al 1979). …”

“…Available fluid inclusion data on breccia pipe mineralization (Sillitoe and Sawkins 1971;Fletcher 1977;Sawkins 1979;Carlson and Sawkins 1980;Sawkins and Scherkenbach 1981;Scherkenbach et al 1985) indicate temperatures in the range 300-475°C and a wide range of salinities (5-45 wt% alkali chlorides). Broad distribution of vapor-dominated inclusions indicates that boiling of hydrothermal fluids was common.…”

“…The ore-bearing margin of the Turmalina breccia pipe, northern Peru, showing the marked vertical zoning with respect to copper and molybdenum values (AfterCarlson and Sawkins 1980) The ore-bearing margin of the Turmalina breccia pipe, northern Peru, showing the marked vertical zoning with respect to copper and molybdenum values (AfterCarlson and Sawkins 1980) …”