Mineralizing microangiopathy: CT and MRI

Shanley, Dean J.

doi:10.1007/bf00588350

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…‡ Mean GP:T ratio is greater than that in the neuroblastoma group (P , .01). The mechanisms by which brain irradiation causes increased SI of the DN are not known, but prior investigators have postulated that the changes may be related to cellular damage by free radicals (18) and mineral deposition secondary to microangiopathy-related ischemic changes (21). Fujioka et al (22) and Kondo et al (23) explored the relationship between free radicals and iron deposition in ischemic lesions of the brain causing increased T1 SI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Signal Intensity of the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus in Pediatric Patients: Impact of Brain Irradiation and Presence of Primary Brain Tumors Independent of Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Administration

et al. 2018

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Purpose To determine whether whole-brain irradiation, chemotherapy, and primary brain pathologic conditions affect magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signal changes in pediatric patients independent of the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Materials and Methods This institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study included 144 pediatric patients who underwent intravenous GBCA-enhanced MR imaging examinations (55 patients with primary brain tumors and whole-brain irradiation, 19 with primary brain tumors and chemotherapy only, 52 with primary brain tumors without any treatment, and 18 with neuroblastoma without brain metastatic disease). The signal intensities (SIs) in the globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (T), dentate nucleus (DN), and pons (P) were measured on unenhanced T1-weighted images. GP:T and DN:P SI ratios were compared between groups by using the analysis of variance and were analyzed relative to group, total cumulative number of doses of GBCA, age, and sex by using multivariable linear models. Results DN:P ratio for the radiation therapy group was greater than that for the other groups except for the group of brain tumors treated with chemotherapy (P < .05). The number of GBCA doses was correlated with the DN:P ratio for the nontreated brain tumor group (P < .0001). The radiation therapy-treated brain tumor group demonstrated higher DN:P ratios than the nontreated brain tumor group for number of doses less than or equal to 10 (P < .0001), whereas ratios in the nontreated brain tumor group were higher than those in the radiation therapy-treated brain tumor group for doses greater than 20 (P = .05). The GP:T ratios for the brain tumor groups were greater than that for the neuroblastoma group (P = .01). Conclusion Changes in SI of the DN and GP that are independent of the administration of GBCA occur in patients with brain tumors undergoing brain irradiation, as well as in patients with untreated primary brain tumors. RSNA, 2017.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Signal Intensity of the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus in Pediatric Patients: Impact of Brain Irradiation and Presence of Primary Brain Tumors Independent of Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Administration

et al. 2018

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“…[3] Calcifications on MRI have various signal intensities on conventional T 1 - and T 2 -weighted acquisitions which makes definitive identification of calcifications difficult. [11,12] The best MRI acquisition technique for the detection of calcification would be susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), however, in our center, SWI is not part of a standard ‘cognitive imaging package’. Also, signal intensities of calcification overlap with those of other signal sources (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Calcification on Computed Tomography in Relation to Cognitive Decline in Memory Clinic Patients: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIt was recently shown that calcification of the hippocampus can be detected on computed tomography (CT) images and these calcifications occur in up to 20% of people over 50 years of age. However, little is known about hippocampal calcification and its relation to cognition and cognitive decline. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (1) determine the prevalence of hippocampal calcification on CT in memory clinic patients controls, and (2) to assess its relation with cognitive decline.Methods67 patients from a memory clinic (cases) were matched by age and gender to a control group. In both groups, hippocampal calcification was assessed by two raters on thin slice, non-contrast enhanced brain CT images. Calcifications were scored bilaterally on presence and severity (absent, mild, moderate, severe). Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) score was determined in cases.ResultsHippocampal calcification presence was significantly higher in cases (N = 26, 38.8%) compared to controls (N = 9, 13.4%) (P < .01) with an odds ratio of 4.40 (95%CI: 1.63–14.87). In cases, MMSE score was significantly lower in those with hippocampal calcification compared to those without (21.6 vs 24.5, p = .02).ConclusionIn this case-control study we found significantly more hippocampal calcification in patients with cognitive decline as compared to controls. Furthermore, within the cases, MMSE score was significantly lower in those with hippocampal calcification.

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“…Lastly, small vessel vasculopathy has been demonstrated from cranial irradiation. [29] In an autopsy study of 163 children treated with cranial RT, 17% had mineralizing microangiopathy (a process affecting smallcaliber vessels that leads to calcification of the basal ganglia). [30] This process was detected in one of our study patients who had been treated with RT at age 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, 10 patients (50%) received adjuvant RT and 10 (50%) received salvage RT. The median total dose and number of fractions was 50 Gy (range: 45-54 Gy) and 26 (range: [25][26][27][28][29][30] fractions. Two of the 20 patients were referred to outside institutions for proton beam RT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study of Cerebrovascular Disease and Late Effects After Radiation Therapy for Craniopharyngioma

Howard

Nichol

et al. 2016

Pediatr Blood Cancer

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Mineralizing microangiopathy: CT and MRI

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Changes in Signal Intensity of the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus in Pediatric Patients: Impact of Brain Irradiation and Presence of Primary Brain Tumors Independent of Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Administration

Changes in Signal Intensity of the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus in Pediatric Patients: Impact of Brain Irradiation and Presence of Primary Brain Tumors Independent of Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Administration

Hippocampal Calcification on Computed Tomography in Relation to Cognitive Decline in Memory Clinic Patients: A Case-Control Study

A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study of Cerebrovascular Disease and Late Effects After Radiation Therapy for Craniopharyngioma

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