Hippocampal Calcification on Computed Tomography in Relation to Cognitive Decline in Memory Clinic Patients: A Case-Control Study

Kockelkoren, Remko; Vis, Jill B. De; Mali, Willem P.Th.M.; Hendrikse, Jeroen; Jong, Pim A. de; Rozemuller, Annemieke M.; Koek, Huiberdina L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167444

Cited by 17 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In both datasets, amyloid plaques and calcified blood vessels are clearly visible due to the considerably larger electron density compared to the surrounding tissue. Both features are exclusively found in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, which is in good agreement with previous histological studies [32,87,145,186]. While the occurrence of amyloid plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, the link between Alzheimer's disease and the calcification of blood vessels in the hippocampus is not as clear.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…al found a similar occurrence of calcifications in patients and an age-matched control group [186], whereas Kockelkoren et. al observed a significantly higher prevalence of hippocampal calcifications in patients with cognitive problems, which, however, were not necessarily caused by Alzheimer's disease [87]. Hence, a larger number of samples both from patients as well as age-matched controls would be required to further study the link between hippocampal calcifications and the occurrence or Also in this more detailed visualization of the plaques in relation to the calcified blood vessels, the close proximity between these two becomes apparent.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography

Töpperwien¹

2018

Göttingen Series in X-Ray Physics

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Section: Alzheimer's Diseasesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography

Töpperwien¹

2018

Göttingen Series in X-Ray Physics

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“…There are limited data to suggest that HC, possibly as a marker for vascular disease, is related to cognitive decline [3]. HC was most frequently found in the posterior hippocampus in both CA1 and the dentate gyrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal calcification on brain CT: prevalence and risk factors in a cerebrovascular cohort

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesRecently, hippocampal calcification as observed on brain CT examinations was identified in over 20% of people over 50 years of age and a relation between hippocampal calcification and cognitive decline was shown. We determined the prevalence and investigated the vascular risk factors of hippocampal calcification in patients with cerebrovascular disease.MethodsHippocampal calcification was scored bilaterally on presence and severity on CT examinations in a cohort of 1130 patients with (suspected) acute ischaemic stroke. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and gender as well as adjusting for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, was used to determine risk factors for hippocampal calcification.ResultsHippocampal calcification was present in 381 (34%) patients. Prevalence increased with age from 8% below 40 to 45% at 80 years and older. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age per decile (OR 1.41 [95% CI 1.26–1.57], p < 0.01), hypertension (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.56–0.99], p = 0.049), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.10–2.25], p = 0.01) and hyperlipidaemia (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.20–2.22], p < 0.01) were significantly associated with hippocampal calcification.ConclusionsHippocampal calcification was a frequent finding on CT in this cohort of stroke patients and was independently positively associated with hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus, suggesting an atherosclerotic origin.Key Points • Hippocampal calcification is prevalent in over 30% of cerebrovascular disease patients. • Prevalence increases from 8% below 40 to 45% over 80 years. • Hippocampal calcification is associated with cardiovascular risk factors hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-018-5372-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The etiology and pathophysiology of most forms of brain calcifications are still unknown, but inflammatory and biomechanical pathways have been implicated [37]. Hippocampal calcifications were found to be correlated with cognitive ability [38]. While calcifications can present with psychiatric signs, cognitive impairment, migraine, and movement disorders their contributions to AD pathology is still debated [37].…”

Section: Cerebrovascular Comorbidities Are Common In Ad Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated View on Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Klohs

2019

Neurodegener Dis

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Background: Cerebrovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is believed to contribute additively to the cognitive impairment and to lower the threshold for the development of dementia. However, accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature and AD neuropathology interact in multiple ways. Vascular processes even proceed AD neuropathology, implicating a causal role in the etiology of AD. Thus, the review aims to provide an integrated view on vascular dysfunction in AD. Summary: In AD, the cerebral vasculature undergoes pronounced cellular, morphological and structural changes, which alters regulation of blood flow, vascular fluid dynamics and vessel integrity. Stiffening of central blood vessels lead to transmission of excessive pulsatile energy to the brain microvasculature, causing endorgan damage. Moreover, a dysregulated hemostasis and chronic vascular inflammation further impede vascular function, where its mediators interact synergistically. Changes of the cerebral vasculature are triggered and driven by systemic vascular abnormalities that are part of aging, and which can be accelerated and aggravated by cardiovascular diseas-es. Key Messages: In AD, the cerebral vasculature is the locus where multiple pathogenic processes converge and contribute to cognitive impairment. Understanding the molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in AD and use of vascular blood-based and imaging biomarker in clinical studies may hold promise for future prevention and therapy of the disease.

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Hippocampal Calcification on Computed Tomography in Relation to Cognitive Decline in Memory Clinic Patients: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography

3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography

Hippocampal calcification on brain CT: prevalence and risk factors in a cerebrovascular cohort

An Integrated View on Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

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