Mineralization of Calcium Carbonates in Cellulose Gel Membranes

Abstract

A diffusion-driven mineralization approach for the fabrication of calcium carbonate on and in regenerated and functionalized cellulose membranes was investigated. Calcium dichloride was used as the cation source. Ammonium carbonate was applied in a gas-phase diffusion and sodium carbonate in a liquid continuous-flow setup. Calcium carbonate was obtained solely on the membrane surfaces from the gas-diffusion approach, whereas by applying continuous-flow diffusion, crystals were obtained throughout the membranes.[a]

Release of Insulin from Calcium Carbonate Microspheres with and without Layer-by-Layer Thin Coatings

“…CaCO 3 microspheres are widely used owing to their facile preparation, biocompatibility, and low cost [9][10][11]. CaCO 3 microspheres are promising materials for encapsulating biological molecules such as proteins, because the microspheres can be prepared in aqueous media under mild conditions.…”

Mineralized polymer composites as biogenic bone substitute material

“…After liquid (CaCl 2 and Na 2 CO 3 ) diffusion mineralization, conducted up to 90 min, the pores of hydrogel matrix first filled up with calcium ions and finally developed CaCO 3 crystal structures which can be visible clearly from Figure 1(b). In mesocystal theory, it is explained about the aggregation and development of crystals of calcite within the hydrogel matrix [14]. The crystals obtained on PVP-CMC hydrogel matrix are granular in shape and with increase in mineralization time, increases the size of crystals.…”

“…Bone, for example is made up of collagen, the principal organic component, hydroxyapatite, the inorganic mineral component, water and small amounts of other organic phases [11,12].The composites made from organic-inorganic hybrid material using biocompatible polymeric material in form of hydrogels and also biominerals like calcite or calcium phosphates show promising trend in the field of mineralization [12][13][14]. Mineralization within the hydrogel can be modified by various ways in presence of particular substrate.…”

“…The significance in the present study lies in the fact that these hydrogels after mineralization can be utilized in biomedical applications like adynamic bone disorder. For accomplishing this task, firstly the mineralized hydrogel is prepared by liquid diffusion technique [3][4][5]14]. PVP-CMC hydrogel was prepared by solvent casting technique, and then its dried film was used as a matrix for biomineralization for 90 min.…”

Effect of strain on viscoelastic behavior of fresh, swelled and mineralized PVP-CMC hydrogel

“…For the process of mineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) within PVP-CMC hydrogel two kind of inorganic solutions were used i.e. sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ; 105 g/L) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ; 147 g/L) to achieve 'mineralized (CaCO 3 ) PVP-CMC hydrogel' [15][16]. In order to compare the viscoelastic behavior of swelled hydrogel with that of mineralized one, the PVP-CMC hydrogel was mineralized up to 60 minutes (by change of sample in inorganic solution 15 min interval) to deposit/form CaCO 3 particles within the hydrogel matrix.…”