The aim of this work was to prepare a dimorphic magnetorheological (MR) fluid for which sedimentation stability, oxidation and chemical stability are enhanced in comparison with common MR fluids, while at the same time preserving the MR effect at its fullest practical level. A dimorphic MR fluid exhibiting these properties was prepared in two steps. The first step involved the partial substitution of carbonyl iron (CI) spherical microparticles with Fe rod-like particles synthesized via a surfactant-controlled solvothermal method. This improved sedimentation stability in comparison with the application of CI particles alone. In the second step both spherical CI and Fe rod-like particles were coated with a polysiloxane layer through the hydrolysis–condensation polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate. This ensured better oxidation and chemical stability balance with an acceptable decrease in the MR effect. This effect is still markedly better than that based on Fe3O4 particles.
Abstract.A simple liquid diffusion mineralization technique was applied for the incorporation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in PVP-CMC hydrogel. The hydrogel was prepared 6.5 mm thick to achieve around 1 mm thick sample after mineralization of hydrogel matrix with calcite. The calcite crystals were round shaped and organized as building blocks inside the porous three dimensional cross linked structure of the PVP-CMC hydrogel. The present study was designed to evaluate the properties of mineralized (calcite) hydrogel with respect to freshly prepared hydrogel and those swelled in water (H 2 O) after drying. The viscoelastic properties of swelled and mineralized samples were reported though the dry PVP-CMC hydrogel were swelled and mineralized with calcite until 150 min. It is observed that there is not much difference in elastic property of fresh and 60 min mineralized hydrogels but the values of elastic property are decreased in the case of swelled hydrogels. It is interesting that in case of swelled samples the values of complex viscosity (Ș * ) are increased with the increase of swelling time after 90 min but in case of calcite hydrogel the values (Ș * ) are gradually decreased with the increase of time.
Abstract. Bacterial cellulose (BC) based hydrogels have been prepared in blended with carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone by using heat treatment. The properties of BC-CMC and BC-PVP hydrogels were compared with pure BC, CMC and PVP hydrogels. These hydrogels were investigated by measuring their structural, morphological and viscoelastic properties. Through the morphological images, alignment of the porous flake like structures could be seen clearly within the inter-polymeric network of the hydrogels. Also, the detail structure analysis of the polymers blended during the hydrogel formation confirms their interactions with each other were studied. Further, the viscoelastic behavior of all the hydrogels in terms of elastic and viscous property was studied. It is observed that at 1% strain, including CMC and PVP hydrogels, all the BC based hydrogels exhibited the linear trend throughout. Also the elastic nature of the material remains high compared to viscous nature. Moreover, the changes could be noticed in case of blended polymer based hydrogels. The values of complex viscosity (η*) decreases with increase in angular frequency within the range of ω = 0.1-100 rad.s -1 .
Abstract. Mineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in hydrogel matrix is one of the most interesting topics of research by material scientists for the development of bio-inspired polymeric biomaterial for biomedical applications especially for bone tissue regeneration. As per our knowledge there was no work reported about rheological properties of CaCO 3 mineralized hydrogel though some works have done on mineralization of CaCO 3 in various gel membranes, and also it was reported about the viscoelastic properties of Agarose, Cellulose, PVA and PVP-CMC hydrogels. This paper mainly focuses about the effect of strain on viscoelastic properties of fresh, swelled and mineralized (CaCO 3 ) PVP-CMC hydrogel. All these three types of hydrogel sustain (or keep) strictly the elastic properties when low strain (1%) is applied, but at higher strain (10%) the viscoelastic moduli (G' and G") show significant change, and the nature of these materials turned from elastic to viscous.
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