Mineralization and immobilization of C and N from dairy farm effluent (DFE) and glucose plus ammonium chloride solution in three grassland topsoils

Stenger, Roland; Barkle, G. F.; Burgess, Craig

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(01)00008-6

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The presence of high levels of AA-N and AS-N at the Lakeland site is consistent with the sites history of manure application Scheller and Raupp 2005). Dairy manure contains AA-and AS-N and it's addition stimulates growth of the microbial biomass and C turnover (Sorensen 1998;Stenger et al 2001). Of course AAs vary in their dynamics with some components persisting for long periods (decades) and other fractions changing within a few years (Amelung et al 2001;Zhang et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Organic N and particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems with a history of manure application

Wander

Wang

Goldstein³

et al. 2007

Plant Soil

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Indicators of soil fertility are needed for the eVective management of organic farming systems. Sustainable management hinges upon our gaining an improved understanding of C and N dynamics. The inXuence of cropping systems and amendments applied in the Lakeland Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial on total hydrolyzable organic N (THN) fractions and particulate organic matter (POM) was investigated after a decade in a conventional cash grain system (Conv) of continuous maize amended with inorganic fertilizer, an organic cash-grain system (Org-CG) that relied on legume N, and an organic animal-based system (Org-AN) that included alfalfa and manure additions. Maize yields had consistently ranked Org-CG < Conv < Org-AN. The THN and amino acid-N (AA-N) contents were ranked Org-AN > Org-CG > Conv. Amino sugar-N (AS-N) contents, which reXect microbially derived N, did not diVer among systems and concentrations were quite high (346.5 mg AS-N/kg soil in the 0-50 cm depth). This, and soil variability were attributed to the sites' history of manure application. The amount (1.3 g POM-C/kg soil) and proportion (t7.5% of total SOC) of POM-C were quite low and did not diVer among systems. Failure to accumulate SOC or POM in these soils, even under organic management, is attributed to rapid C decay and/or limited root growth. An N rate study was added the fall before samples were taken and N addition did increase yield in the Conv and Org-CG systems despite evidence of soil N surplus. This suggests that either amino N is unavailable to plants or that root N acquisition is limited by other constraints. Low POM-C contents accompanied by high AS-N and AA-N levels reveal an imbalance in these soils which are likely to be C limited. Based on this, we conclude excess N has prevented use of organic practices from enhancing soil quality at this site.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Organic N and particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems with a history of manure application

Wander

Wang

Goldstein³

et al. 2007

Plant Soil

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“…This difference could be due to less (9%) available N in DE in 1997(9%) available N in DE in -1998(9%) available N in DE in compared to 1996(9%) available N in DE in -1997 (Table II). Organic fertilizers such as DE can reduce NO − 3 leaching directly by promoting microbial immobilization (Angers and N'Dayegamiye, 1991;Stenger et al, 2001) and indirectly by increasing crop productivity due to the supply of other nutrients (e.g., phosphorous and sulfur) (Di et al, 1998b;Di and Cameron, 2002b). Despite significantly greater pasture production and N uptake (1997)(1998) (Table V and VI), NO − 3 leaching from urine plus DE was similar to urine alone but was significantly lower than urine plus urea (Figure 2b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An appreciable amount of N may be immobilized if the C:N ratio of applied material is greater than 15:1 and ammoniacal N is less than 20% of total N (Beauchamp and Paul, 1989). However, N immobilization lasted up to 90 days when DE (with C:N ratio of 12:1 and ammoniacal N 24% of total N) was applied to New Zealand pasture soils (Stenger et al, 2001). Even though the balance between immobilization and mineralization changes with time, and immobilized N can be remineralized, mineral N release during this process may not be completely available for leaching.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although organic N can be converted to mineral N, ruminant manures (cattle and sheep) are more resistant to decomposition thereby slowing the availability of inorganic N (Ajwa and Tabatabai, 1994;Kirchmann and Bernal, 1997). The lower NO − 3 loss in the DE treatment could also be due to an increase in anoxic sites, caused by soil pore blocking from the fine solid fraction of DE, which favors denitrification (Aulakh et al, 1992;Stenger et al, 2001). It is possible to find a variety of soil microsites (within a few millimeters) that differ greatly in the quantity and type of bacteria present (Grundmann and Debouzie, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Lysimeter Study to Investigate the Effect of Dairy Effluent and Urea on Cattle Urine n Losses, Plant Uptake and Soil Retention

Silva

Cameron

et al. 2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Loss of nitrate (NO − 3 ) from grazing land is a major cause of surface and groundwater contamination. These losses increase when N sources such as fertilizer are applied to grazing land. The objectives of this work were to (1) study the impact of dairy effluent (DE) or urea on N losses and plant uptake when DE or urea was applied with and without cattle urine and; (2) determine the effect of organic C rich DE on the fate of urine N. The experiment was conducted using lysimeters that contained Templeton sandy loam soil extracted from a pasture in New Zealand. Application of DE resulted in significantly less ( p < 0.05) NO − 3 leaching compared with urea in the first year, but not in the second year. Differences between years could be attributed to the comparatively lower C:N ratio of applied DE in the second year, causing relatively greater N mineralization and greater NO − 3 leaching. Differences could also be due to cumulative effects of DE (first year applied) on second year NO − 3 leaching. Total annual pasture N uptake was similar for DE and urea treatments. During the first year, the average NO − 3 concentration was lower when DE was combined with urine compared to urine alone, but not in the second year. The combination of DE with urine resulted in significantly greater ( p < 0.01) annual pasture N uptake compared with the urine alone treatment in both years. Urine plus urea resulted in the greatest leaching losses in both years, but its impact on pasture N uptake was mixed. The total leaching loss of N from urine plus DE (90 kg N ha −1 ) was similar to urine alone (77 kg N ha −1 ) in the second year. Likewise, the annual percentage of 15 N recovered in the leachate from urine plus DE (9%) was not significantly different from urine alone (6%). However, 15 N recoveries revealed that the contribution of urine N to NO − 3 leaching was greater when urine was combined with DE (98.8%) compared to urine alone (83%). The greater NO − 3 leaching from urine when combined with DE could be a result of greater nitrification due to the low C:N ratio of DE. Additionally, the annual percentage of urine N uptake by the pasture from urine plus DE (29%) was significantly less than from urine alone (39%) ( p < 0.01). The application of organic C rich DE had no significant effect on soil N retention or denitrification when combined with urine.

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“…Another factor that should be taken into consideration with clayey soils is the prevalence of anaerobic conditions for a longer interval after effluent application, which may adversely affect mineralization rate due to the lower availability of oxygen. Stenger et al (2001) did not find a clear relationship between soil texture and the mineralization of organic matter when dairy farm wastewater was applied to intact soil cores. Soil pH can affect organic matter biodegradability by affecting microbial community structure and activity, organic matter solubility, or nutrient and heavy metal availability (Marschner and Kalbitz, 2003).…”

Section: Affect Of Soil Factorsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Treatment of Wastewater With Slow Rate Systems: A Review of Treatment Processes and Plant Functions

Paranychianakis

Angelakιs

Leverenz

et al. 2006

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Land treatment systems constitute a viable alternative solution for wastewater management in cases where the construction of conventional (mechanical) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not affordable or other disposal options are not available. They have proven to be an ideal technology for small rural communities, clusters of homes, and small industrial units due to low energy demands and low operation and maintenance costs. In addition, slow rate systems (SRS) may be designed using the "zero discharge" concept. The purpose of this article is to review the current trends and developments in the field of SRS, focusing on those systems in which effluent application is based on plant water requirements. Vegetation has an important role in treatment efficiency through its effects on hydraulic loading rate, nutrient removal, and biomass production. In addition, vegetation may affect the fate of trace elements and the degradation/detoxification of recalcitrant organics. Detailed knowledge of the basic processes involved in wastewater treatment and the factors governing the performance of SRS is fundamental for enhancing treatment efficiency and eliminating potential environmental and health risks. Finally, monitoring performance of SRS and adopting the appropriate management strategies are of paramount importance to maintain treatment efficiency over the a long term.

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Mineralization and immobilization of C and N from dairy farm effluent (DFE) and glucose plus ammonium chloride solution in three grassland topsoils

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Organic N and particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems with a history of manure application

Organic N and particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems with a history of manure application

A Lysimeter Study to Investigate the Effect of Dairy Effluent and Urea on Cattle Urine n Losses, Plant Uptake and Soil Retention

Treatment of Wastewater With Slow Rate Systems: A Review of Treatment Processes and Plant Functions

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