Mineral Deficiencies in Complex Organic Media as Limiting Factors in the Sporulation of Aerobic Bacilli

Foster, J. W.; Heiligman, F.

doi:10.1128/jb.57.6.613-615.1949

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Spores of Bacillus megaterium strain QM B1551, were grown according to the methods described by Levinson and Sevag (1953), and were harvested after 5 days at 30 C. A pool of lyophilized spores sufficient for all the experiments described here was prepared. Vegetative cells of B. megaterium were also grown on liver fraction medium (Foster and Heiligman, 1949), but they were harvested after 12 hr at 30 C. The lyophilized vegetative cells and spores were stored over anhydrous CaSO4 (Drierite, W. A. Hammond Co.) at refrigerator temperature until needed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM SPORE AND VEGETATIVE CELL EXTRACTS

1958

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM SPORE AND VEGETATIVE CELL EXTRACTS

1958

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“…Spores will, as we all know, germinate in the absence of added manganesd However, it was determined by spectrographic techniques ( Cohen and Wiener, 1954) that our spores, grown in the liver fraction medium suggested by Foster and Heiligman (1949), contained from 50 to 100 ppni of Spores were not heated.…”

Section: Informal Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spores

Campbell¹,

Halvorson²

1956

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Apart from their utility in regulation of pH, bicarbonates may promote the formation of spores by increasing COo concentration, as shown by Powell and Hunter (1955). Proliferating vegetative cells, when centrifuged, washed, and shaken in distilled water, form spores only if the prior growth medium is conducive to sporulation. However, B. subtilis derived from an asporogenous medium sporulates in distilled water when supplied with both yeast extract and salts, but not if one of these supplements is omitted (Murrell, 1955), indicating that the spore-generating mechanism is not seriously impaired by limited cultivation in asporogenous media. The known facts, briefly surveyed, indicate that mineral salts are essential for the formation of bacterial spores. The fact that synthetic media without added salts do not produce spores, and the fact that the inadequacy for spore formation of many complex organic media can be corrected by the addition of suitable minerals support this contention. The level of minerals required for sporulation varies with the organism and with cultural conditions such as kind and concentration of nutrients, oxygen supply, temperature, and pH. The importance of manganese in the sporulating process is conspicuously evident. It is required by a wide variety of mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes, at concentrations above those needed for active vegetative growth, and, with one apparent exception, cannot be replaced by any other mineral element. Manganese has been found to broaden the temperature and pH range over which sporulation occurs (Amaha et al, 1956).

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“…The metallic elements required for sporulation have been adequately reviewed by Murrell (20,21) and Curran and Evans (10). The following ions are essential for sporulation in at least one species of Bacillus: magnesium in B. mycoides (15); potassium in B. cereus, (12); and manganese in B. subtilis (6,31). Also calcium, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and cobalt are required for sporulation (21).…”

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Cations in Hemolymph and Alimentary Tract Tissues of Healthy and Milky Diseased European Chafer (Amphimallon majalis) Larvae1

Steinkraus¹,

Field²,

Kochansky³

et al. 1973

Applied Microbiology

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A study was made of certain cations present in hemolymph and alimentary tract tissues of healthy and diseased European chafer larvae and the spores of Bacillus popilliae collected from diseased hemolymph. The major ions found in the hemolymph, in order of decreasing abundance, were potassium, magnesium, sodium, and calcium. Hemolymph of diseased larvae contained relatively higher concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, and zinc than hemolymph of healthy larvae. Concomitantly, the concentrations of ions were lower in the mid-gut and anterior intestinal tissues of diseased larvae. Only sodium decreased slightly in the diseased tissues of the rectum and rectal sac; other ions remained unchanged or increased. Little or no manganese or copper was detected in the hemolymph or tissues. The major cations of spores of B. popilliae were sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Small amounts of potassium, manganese, copper, iron, and zinc were detected in the spores. Based on calcium and dipicolinic acid determinations of the spores, sufficient calcium was found to allow for the formation of calcium dipicolinate in the expected concentrations.

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Mineral Deficiencies in Complex Organic Media as Limiting Factors in the Sporulation of Aerobic Bacilli

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM SPORE AND VEGETATIVE CELL EXTRACTS

PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM SPORE AND VEGETATIVE CELL EXTRACTS

Spores

Cations in Hemolymph and Alimentary Tract Tissues of Healthy and Milky Diseased European Chafer (Amphimallon majalis) Larvae1

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