Mineral concentration of forage species grown in central West Virginia on various soil series

Baker, Barton S.; Reid, Richard

doi:10.33915/agnic.558

Cited by 14 publications

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“…The relationships between crop yields and soil test nutrient concentrations have been well established (Havlin et al, 2005). Baker and Reid (1977) studied the nutrient concentrations of grasses and legumes grown on a variety of soils in West Virginia. Baker and Reid (1977) studied the nutrient concentrations of grasses and legumes grown on a variety of soils in West Virginia.…”

Section: Pasture Soil and Herbage Nutrient Dynamics Through Five Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nutrient composition of pasture herbage, however, depends on several factors in addition to soil fertility and fertilization, including the genus, species, and cultivar in question; their stage of maturity; and the season and temperature (Fleming, 1973). Baker and Reid (1977) studied the nutrient concentrations of grasses and legumes grown on a variety of soils in West Virginia. They noted weak correlations between soil and plant tissue nutrient concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pasture Soil and Herbage Nutrient Dynamics through Five Years of Rotational Stocking

Jones

Tracy

2014

Crop Science

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2351RESEARCH U nderstanding nutrient dynamics in pastures is important for improving livestock production, reducing input costs, and limiting nutrient losses to the environment. Studies of measured changes in pasture fertility over time and between grazing systems are few (Sigua et al., 2006), especially from tall fescue-based coolseason pastures. Soil and plant nutrient concentrations should change minimally over time in low-input pastures if excretal distribution is relatively uniform. This is because most nutrients are recycled and few are removed from the pastures in excreta rather than retained in livestock. Between 60 and 99% of nutrients ingested by livestock are returned to pasture as urine and manure (Haynes and Williams, 1993). In continuous stocking systems, livestock have been shown to transport nutrients across pastures and concentrate them, as manure and urine, near feeding and watering areas and in shade (Franzluebbers et al., 2000;Sanderson et al., 2010;West et al., 1989). In rotational stocking systems, however, it has been suggested that this redistribution is limited by use of pasture subdivision with fencing to better distribute livestock and thus manure across the pasture (Sigua et al., 2010;Williams and Hayes, 1990). Studying the effects of stocking management on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) ABSTRACT If nutrients are efficiently recycled within pasture systems, soil nutrient concentrations should change minimally over time. This process, however, has not been well documented in rotationally stocked tall fescue-[Schendonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub] based pastures. The study objectives were to: (i) examine temporal changes in plant-available soil nutrient concentrations in two creep grazing systems grazed by cows that differed in size, (ii) determine how winter hay feeding and use of improved forages for creep grazing affected soil and herbage nutrient concentrations, and (iii) examine the relationship between and variability within soil and herbage nutrient concentrations. From 2008 to 2012, soil and herbage samples were collected from 102 paddocks across four grazing system treatments. Significant differences in soil nutrient concentration between creep grazing systems were observed before the initiation of grazing (p < 0.05) and were consistent through time. Soil pH and soil P, K, Ca, Mg, and B concentrations declined significantly with time (p < 0.05). Increased concentrations of soil P, K, Fe, and Cu were found in hay feeding paddocks. Soil P and K showed greater variation across samples than did herbage P and K concentrations. The correlations between soil and herbage nutrient concentrations were weak. Because of variability in soil nutrients within paddocks, herbage nutrient analysis may provide a better assessment of pasture fertility status. Though year-toyear changes in soil nutrient concentration were small, monitoring the nutrient status of pasture systems is essential for achieving optimal forage yields, improving livestock health, and limiting nutrient losses to the enviro...

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Section: Pasture Soil and Herbage Nutrient Dynamics Through Five Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasture Soil and Herbage Nutrient Dynamics through Five Years of Rotational Stocking

Jones

Tracy

2014

Crop Science

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“…In many cases, floristic diversity is a function of the soil resource (Stout et al, 1977). Baker and Reid (1977) and Reid et al (1970) reported that mineral concentrations essential to livestock health were present in greater quantities in weeds and legumes than in grasses. Canopy utilization and soil fertility also interact to affect the composition of swards, including those sown to chicory, and ultimately the nutritive value of chicory herbage (Belesky et al, 1999, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mineral Composition of Swards Containing Forage Chicory

Belesky¹,

Turner²,

Fedders³

et al. 2001

Agronomy Journal

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value of chicory herbage and to identify nutrient inputs that sustain production, especially when high rates of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a highly productive forage under N are applied. Crush and Evans (1990) and Reid et al. midsummer conditions in the eastern USA, often has higher concentrations of minerals relative to grasses and legumes. Low concentra- (1993) reported that the mineral composition of forage tions of minerals in herbage could reduce production efficiency or chicory was comparable to or exceeded that of white create metabolic disorders in livestock. Information on the mineral and red clover (Trifolium repens and T. pratense, respeccomposition of chicory is limited, but it is needed to improve our tively) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Minunderstanding of nutritive value and inputs required to sustain chicory eral concentrations in chicory met or exceeded recomproduction, especially where high rates of N are applied. We conmended dietary mineral requirements of lactating dairy ducted field experiments for 3 yr on a Ramsey soil (Loamy, siliceous, cows (Jung et al., 1996), and because chicory had a subactive, mesic Lithic Dystrudept) in southern West Virginia to derelatively high B concentration, fertilization with B termine (i) response to increasing fertilizer N and (ii) production of might be warranted. Herbage may contain mineral conchicory as a component of swards, including grass and legume as a centrations that theoretically meet livestock requirefunction of clipping frequency. Mineral concentrations and uptake in available herbage generally increased as N rate increased and were

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“…In addition, species, plant maturity stage, growing season, and temperature influence mineral composition (Whitehead, 1966;Fleming, 1973). For example, concentrations of Ca and Mg are higher in legumes compared to grasses Baker and Reid, 1977). With advancing maturity, N, P, and K concentrations decrease while micronutrient concentrations are unaffected (Baker and Reid, 1977).…”

Section: Mineral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, concentrations of Ca and Mg are higher in legumes compared to grasses Baker and Reid, 1977). With advancing maturity, N, P, and K concentrations decrease while micronutrient concentrations are unaffected (Baker and Reid, 1977). In addition, maximum concentrations of P and K are found in early spring growth but Ca and Mg levels are low during spring growth and increase through summer and fall .…”

Section: Mineral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Determination in Forage and Manure using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Support Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning

Sapkota¹

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Phosphorus Determination in Forage and Manure using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Support Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning Yadav Sapkota Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural fields is a major cause of water quality degradation problems. A P mass balance across the farm could maintain profitability and sustainability of animal-based farms and minimize water quality problems. Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans (CNMPs) require mineral composition, especially P, data on soil, forage, and manure samples for accurate planning. However, traditional wet chemical methods of P determination are costly, time-consuming, and generate hazardous waste. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) could overcome many of these disadvantages and allow rapid determination of P concentrations. Portable XRF (PXRF) units are Energy Dispersive (ED) systems with low power Xray tubes (10-40W) in comparison to benchtop units (50-300W). They are light and convenient to use either in benchtop or field-analysis modes. When a sample is scanned, the resulting spectrum identifies the element (peak position or energy); area under the peak (intensity) is proportional to concentration. A few studies have indicated the possible use of PXRF for the analysis of plant tissue and compost samples. However, there is a lack of information for analysis of heterogeneous forage and manure samples, including optimal sample preparation (particle size and moisture content) and instrumental parameters (scan time). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure moisture content and forage particle size on elemental concentrations determination using PXRF in benchtop mode. Manure samples (n=40) were oven dried at 50 and ground to 0.5 mm size and adjusted to four gravimetric moisture ranges: 10-20%, 20-30%, 40-50%, and 60-70%. Dry hay samples (n=42) were oven dried (60 0 C for 3 days) and ground into two particle sizes (0.25-0.5 mm and 1-2 mm). Prepared samples were scanned by PXRF using a vacuum (<10 torr) and without a filter. Samples were placed in a sample cup over a thin proline X-ray film and scanned for 180s. Some forage samples (n=29) were also scanned for 60s and 120s for scan time analysis. Spectra for each analysis, photon counts (intensity) and P concentration were collected using the S1PXRF software. Reference standards were prepared by microwave digesting forage and manure samples in triplicate followed by elemental quantification through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP). Regression analysis, two sample t-test, matched paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis. ICP measured P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu were in close agreement with West Virginia Department of Agriculture-measured concentration in manure samples. Dried and ground manure samples produced a stronger relationship with ICP-determined P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn (r 2 > 0.90) and Mg (r 2 =0.59). Presence of moisture negatively affected elemental determination in manure samples. The strength of the relationship decrea...

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Mineral concentration of forage species grown in central West Virginia on various soil series

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Pasture Soil and Herbage Nutrient Dynamics through Five Years of Rotational Stocking

Pasture Soil and Herbage Nutrient Dynamics through Five Years of Rotational Stocking

Mineral Composition of Swards Containing Forage Chicory

Phosphorus Determination in Forage and Manure using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Support Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning

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