Mineral Composition of Uroliths Obtained from Sheep and Goats with Obstructive Urolithiasis

Jones, Meredyth L.; Gibbons, Philippa; Roussel, Allen J.; Dominguez, Brandon

doi:10.1111/jvim.14743

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The absence of crystals in urinary sediment or calculi in radiographs has been reported in rams with confirmed lythiasis [3], but in the presented case the aspect of radiography was not compatible. At this point, other suspects to explain penile necrosis and stranguria included enzootic posthitis or pizzle-rot disease [4] or iatrogenic penile trauma, due to catheterization attempts, secondary to a previous condition of urethral calculi.…”

Section: Case Descriptioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Dysuria in a Sardinian Ram with Glans Penis Traumatic Injury

Sylla¹,

Crociati²,

Angeli³

et al. 2018

Int J Vet Anim Med

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Signs of dysuria in rams are usually associated with urethral obstruction caused by calculi, especially in castrated males, while penile trauma is rarely reported as a cause of dysuria. In this paper, a case of a 4-year-old, 65 kg bodyweight, Sardinian intact ram referred to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital (OVUD) at the Department of Veterinary Medicine -University of Perugia, Italy, with a 1-month history of dysuria is reported. At the moment of referral, the animal showed increased heart and respiratory rate, normal rectal temperature, urine dropping, straining and false kyphosis. Ultrasound investigation revealed heterogeneous hypoechoic tissue surrounded by a hyperechoic capsule in the apical end of the penis, normal testicular parenchyma, and distended urinary bladder. After sedation, the protruded glans penis was necrotic at inspection. Cystography showed no alterations in the urinary tract, while catheterization was unsuccessful; after the amputation of the urethral process, involuntary urine loss appeared. The ram was hospitalized and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and sustain therapy was administered for 5 days, associated with daily preputial flushing with iodine solution. Two injections of neostigmine metilsulphate, 1 mg SC, 24 hours apart, were administered to increase the bladder tone. The animal slowly improved both the general condition and the voluntary urine emission. After coming back to the farm, the ram observed a further period of sexual rest. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of iatrogenic penile trauma and subsequent necrosis and strangury in small ruminants. Since necrosis of the glans penis was noticed, caution should be used in formulating prognosis concerning the future mating ability of the animal, based on the extension of the necrotic process.

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Section: Case Descriptioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Dysuria in a Sardinian Ram with Glans Penis Traumatic Injury

Sylla¹,

Crociati²,

Angeli³

et al. 2018

Int J Vet Anim Med

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“…However, amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate, alone or with struvite, is the most common urolith component in small ruminants in Texas (in 50% of analyzed uroliths). These findings underline the importance of urolith analysis to make adequate dietary recommendations . The distribution of urolith composition in Swiss small ruminants is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinical findings and diagnostic procedures in 270 small ruminants with obstructive urolithiasis

Riedi

Knubben‐Schweizer

Meylan

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundDetails of the clinical signs of obstructive urolithiasis in male small ruminants have not been documented in a large population.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic procedures in a large group of small ruminants with urolithiasis.AnimalsTwo hundred and seventy small ruminants (158 sheep and 112 goats).MethodsRetrospective study of 270 cases identified based on clinical records.Results81.2% affected goats were castrated and 91.7% sheep were intact males; 65.5% of the animals had been sick ≤2 days before referral. Common abnormalities included dysuria (93.6%), indigestion (84.4%), reduced general state of health (79.5%), signs of pain (73%), increased heart and respiratory rates (53.6% and 39.1%), and azotemia (89.4%). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations were strongly correlated (r 2 = 0.81). Hypochloremia (52.2%), hyponatremia (43.3%), hypophosphatemia (52.4%), and abnormal potassium concentrations (26.2% hypokalemia and 24.5% hyperkalemia) were the most common serum electrolyte imbalances. Packed cell volume (PCV), plasma proteins, potassium, BUN, and creatinine concentrations were significantly increased in animals with uroperitoneum. Ultrasonography allowed for confirmation of diagnosis in 83.9% of the cases (135/161 with sufficient available information), uroliths were visible on 34 of 56 plain radiographs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur study confirmed that clinical and ultrasonographic examinations are sufficient to diagnose urolithiasis. Clinical signs can be divided into an early stage with discrete unspecific clinical signs, a painful stage with frequent straining, expression of pain and moderately reduced general condition, and an advanced stage with a markedly reduced general condition and eventually recumbency.

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“…However, causes of adult mortality also included obstructive urolithiasis, mastitis, metritis, neoplasia and trauma. Urolithiasis, mastitis, and metritis are recognized as important and common diseases in sheep, including as causes of mortality [6,14,15]. One sheep had a pituitary acidophil adenoma while another had pancreatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnoses of Primary Cause of Mortality in Domestic Sheep in the North American Intermountain West

Wilson¹,

Baldwin²,

Kelly³

2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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Causes of death of 246 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) necropsied from 2009-2016 at the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory were summarized. Sheep originated from Utah (93%), Idaho (6%) or Wyoming (0.4%). There were 54 fetuses, 21 4 week lambs (1-28 d old), 69 young lambs (29-180 d), 28 older lambs (181-365 d), and 74 adult sheep (>365 d). If no age was provided, age was estimated from body weight based on literature and expert opinion. Of the 45% of sheep with age provided, 90% matched with the body weight estimates. Primary cause of mortality was diagnosed in 228 cases (93%); 6 diseases accounted for 136 (60%) of the diagnoses: abortion 50 (22%), parasitism 29 (13%) (most from H. contortus), pneumonia 19 (8%) (95% bacterial), enteritis/enterotoxemia 17 (7%), bloat 13 (6%), and selenium deficiency 8 (4%). No cause of death was evident in 18 sheep (7%). The most common cause of fetal death was abortion 50 (93%). In 4 week lambs, most common causes were 4 pneumonia (19%), and 3 parasitism (14%). In young lambs, 15 parasitism (22%) (10 Haemonchus contortus), and 10 pneumonia (15%) (9 bacterial pneumonia) predominated. In older lambs, 7 parasitism (25%) (4 H. contortus, 3 Fasciola hepatica), 3 bacterial pneumonia (11%) and 3 clostridial enterotoxemia (11%) were most common. Most common causes of adult sheep death were 5 bloat (7%), 4 H. contortus (5%), 4 peritonitis (5%), 4 bacterial pneumonia (5%), and 4 urolithiasis (5%), a cause of death only found in adult sheep. Control measures for the most common causes of domestic sheep mortality include vaccination and clean lambing environment to reduce abortions, enterotoxemia and other infectious disease, control of parasite infestation, prevention and treatment of pneumonia and bloat, and adequate mineral supplementation.

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Mineral Composition of Uroliths Obtained from Sheep and Goats with Obstructive Urolithiasis

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Dysuria in a Sardinian Ram with Glans Penis Traumatic Injury

Dysuria in a Sardinian Ram with Glans Penis Traumatic Injury

Clinical findings and diagnostic procedures in 270 small ruminants with obstructive urolithiasis

Diagnoses of Primary Cause of Mortality in Domestic Sheep in the North American Intermountain West

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