Mineral Adjuvants∗∗The present chapter is an updated version of the chapter “Mineral Adjuvants,” published in Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, p. 217–233. Ed. Virgil Schijns &amp; Derek O'Hagan, Elsevier Science Publishers (2005).

Lindblad, Erik B.; Duroux, Laurent

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00018-9

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…After acid washing, the sulfonyl group of Nafion becomes negatively charged with a measured cation exchange capacity of 81 meq per 100 g ( Downie et al, 2012 ). Cryolite particles carry a negative charge when in solutions at a pH greater than 1.5 ( Kosmulski, 2009 ; Lindblad and Duroux, 2017 ); they are therefore predicted to participate in cation exchange reactions in the pH ranges found in soils (pH 3 to 10; Slessarev et al, 2016 ). For comparison, the point of zero charge for clays are 2.5 for montmorillonite and 4.6 for kaolinite, both of which are important determinants of the cation-exchange capacities of soils ( Kosmulski, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent soil microcosms for live-cell imaging and non-destructive stable isotope probing of soil microorganisms

Sharma

Palatinszky

Nikolov

et al. 2020

eLife

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Microscale processes are critically important to soil ecology and biogeochemistry yet are difficult to study due to soil’s opacity and complexity. To advance the study of soil processes, we constructed transparent soil microcosms that enable the visualization of microbes via fluorescence microscopy and the non-destructive measurement of microbial activity and carbon uptake in situ via Raman microspectroscopy. We assessed the polymer Nafion and the crystal cryolite as optically transparent soil substrates. We demonstrated that both substrates enable the growth, maintenance, and visualization of microbial cells in three dimensions over time, and are compatible with stable isotope probing using Raman. We applied this system to ascertain that after a dry-down/rewetting cycle, bacteria on and near dead fungal hyphae were more metabolically active than those far from hyphae. These data underscore the impact fungi have facilitating bacterial survival in fluctuating conditions and how these microcosms can yield insights into microscale microbial activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent soil microcosms for live-cell imaging and non-destructive stable isotope probing of soil microorganisms

Sharma

Palatinszky

Nikolov

et al. 2020

eLife

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“…Aluminum-containing adjuvants (Alums) have historically served as immunostimulants in vaccines and continue to be the most widely used adjuvants generally regarded as safe [ 17 ]. Several aluminium compounds (aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate and amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate) are used in the licensed vaccines (for intramuscular or subcutaneous applications) [ 18 ]; however, their distinctive physicochemical properties could have important implications for their immunomodulatory effects [ 19 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Nanoadjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants and Delivery Systems for Modern Vaccines

et al. 2023

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Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases. However, there is a constant need to improve existing vaccines and develop new vaccination strategies and vaccine platforms that induce a broader immune response compared to traditional vaccines. Modern vaccines tend to rely on certain nanotechnology platforms but are still expected to be readily available and easy for large-scale manufacturing and to induce a durable immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the most promising nanoadjuvants and nanoparticulate delivery systems and discuss their benefits from tehchnological and immunological standpoints as well as their objective drawbacks and possible side effects. The presented nano alums, silica and clay nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, adenoviral-vectored systems, adeno-associated viral vectors, vesicular stomatitis viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, virus-like particles (including bacteriophage-based ones) and virosomes indicate that vaccine developers can now choose different adjuvants and/or delivery systems as per the requirement, specific to combatting different infectious diseases.

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“…The use of adjuvants can reduce the amount of antigen required per vaccination, potentially reducing side effects at the inoculation site [83]. Aluminum salts such as aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate were the first licensed adjuvants and are widely used in veterinary and human vaccines [84]. Currently, it is known that these adjuvants stimulate cells of the innate immune system by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, releasing signaling molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and inducing the differentiation of naive T-cells into Th2 cells, thereby developing a Th2-type immune response [85][86][87].…”

Section: Aluminum Hydroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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The first leptospiral recombinant vaccine was developed in the late 1990s. Since then, progress in the fields of reverse vaccinology (RV) and structural vaccinology (SV) has significantly improved the identification of novel surface-exposed and conserved vaccine targets. However, developing recombinant vaccines for leptospirosis faces various challenges, including selecting the ideal expression platform or delivery system, assessing immunogenicity, selecting adjuvants, establishing vaccine formulation, demonstrating protective efficacy against lethal disease in homologous challenge, achieving full renal clearance using experimental models, and reproducibility of protective efficacy against heterologous challenge. In this review, we highlight the role of the expression/delivery system employed in studies based on the well-known LipL32 and leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins, as well as the choice of adjuvants, as key factors to achieving the best vaccine performance in terms of protective efficacy against lethal infection and induction of sterile immunity.

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Mineral Adjuvants∗∗The present chapter is an updated version of the chapter “Mineral Adjuvants,” published in Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, p. 217–233. Ed. Virgil Schijns & Derek O'Hagan, Elsevier Science Publishers (2005).

Cited by 11 publications

References 103 publications

Transparent soil microcosms for live-cell imaging and non-destructive stable isotope probing of soil microorganisms

Transparent soil microcosms for live-cell imaging and non-destructive stable isotope probing of soil microorganisms

Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants and Delivery Systems for Modern Vaccines

Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy

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