Mind-wandering, depression, anxiety and ADHD: Disentangling the relationship

Figueiredo, Tiago; Lima, Gabriel; Erthal, Pilar; Martins, Rafael Macedo Batista; Corção, Priscila; Leonel, Marcelo; Ayrão, Vanessa; Fortes, Dídia; Mattos, Paulo

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112798

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A study found that patients with social anxiety disorder had high attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity (Koyuncu et al, 2015), suggesting the positive correlation between social anxiety and mind-wandering resulting from attention failure. Another study showed that anxiety played an important role in MW in both ADHD and non-ADHD individuals (Figueiredo, 2020). The correlation between anxiety and mind-wandering has also been supported by neuropsychological studies on affective dysfunction and attention failure (Seli, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Internet Gaming Disorder Increases Mind-Wandering in Young Adults

et al. 2021

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As a primary symptom defining Internet gaming disorder (IGD), preoccupation indicates a mind state in which gamers think about a gaming activity so much that other things appear less important and/or interesting to them. Previous studies have examined the negative impacts of IGD on both cognitive and affective functions, yet no study has investigated the influence of IGD on daily mind state changes that interfere with ongoing tasks. The current study hypothesized that more IGD symptoms lead to a higher frequency of mind state shift in terms of mind-wandering. As social anxiety is related to both IGD and mind-wandering, we further hypothesized that social anxiety would partially contribute to the relationship. Survey data were collected from 632 young adults who were divided into two groups based on whether they reported playing games or not. In the player group, the number of IGD symptoms present was positively related to mind-wandering (r = 0.269, p < 0.001) and social anxiety (r = 0.235, p < 0.001), with the latter two showing a positive correlation in both players (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and non-players (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis for the players showed a partial mediation effect of social anxiety on the relationship between IGD and mind-wandering (mediation effect: PM = 0.292, p < 0.001), and the model was replicated in an independent sample. This study suggests that excessive gaming behavior may increase mind-wandering and a shift towards such a non-productive mind state could exert long-term detrimental effects in adolescents and young adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Internet Gaming Disorder Increases Mind-Wandering in Young Adults

et al. 2021

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“…Noteworthy, mind wandering emerges as a critical cognitive process across the literature and is associated with multiple mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and ADHD (Deng et al, 2014;Figueiredo et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Individual Beliefs in Assessing Treatment Efficacy: Insights from Neurostimulation Studies

Fassi

Kadosh

2020

Preprint

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In recent years, there has been debate about the effectiveness of interventions from different fields (e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), neurofeedback, cognitive training programs) due to contradictory and nuanced experimental findings. Up to date, studies are focused on comparing the effects of an active form of the intervention to a placebo/control condition. However, a neglected question is how to consider individual differences in response to blinding procedures, and their effect on behavioural outcomes, rather than merely compare the efficacy of blinding using a group-based approach. To address this gap in the literature, we here suggest using subjective intervention—the participants’ subjective beliefs about receiving or not receiving an intervention—as a factor. Specifically, we examined whether subjective intervention and subjective dosage (i.e. participants’ subjective beliefs about the intensity of the intervention they received) affected performance scores independently, or interacting with, the active experimental condition. We carried out data analysis on an open-access dataset that has shown the efficacy of active NIBS in altering mind wandering. We show that subjective intervention and subjective dosage successfully explained alteration in mind wandering scores, over and beyond the objective intervention. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for the participants’ beliefs about receiving interventions at the individual level by demonstrating their effect on human behaviour independently of the actual intervention. Altogether, our approach allows more rigorous and improved experimental design and analysis, which will strengthen the conclusions coming from basic and clinical research, for both NIBS and non-NIBS interventions.

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“…A comorbid relationship has been found between depressive disorders among older children/ young adolescents and bulimia nervosa (16), anxiety and behavioural disorders (17), neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD (18), obsessive-compulsive disorder (19) and language disorders (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents: a longitudinal population-based study

Juul

Hjemdal

Aune

2021

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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Introduction: This paper investigates levels of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents, 11-14 years of age. The population-based sample was assessed twice during a 12-month period. Point-prevalence, 12-month prevalence, and 12-month incidence were measured by a validated self-reported scale (SFMQ) and are presented in this paper. Methods: A total of 2148 pupils were invited to participate in this study, and 1748 pupils and at least one parent/guardian provided informed consent. The population was assessed twice within one 12-month period resulting in 1439 participants at both data collection points. Depressive symptoms were measured by a validated self-reported scale, The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Results:The results indicate that the point-prevalence was just under 10% in 6 th to 10 th grade with a 12-month prevalence at almost 3%. The results also indicate an incidence rate of 4.5% over 12-months. This study confirms that girls report a higher range of point prevalence, 12-month-prevalence, and 12-month incidence compared to boys. Conclusions:The results indicate that depressive symptoms among children and young adolescents is a serious health challenge. The results demonstrate substantial gender differences even at an early age (11-14 years), where girls report significantly higher point prevalence, 12-month-prevalence, and 12-month incidence compared to boys. Results from this study suggest that depressive symptoms are an important problem that young adolescents face, and the study underlines the need for more intervention tailored to gender at the middle-school level, especially with respect to those children and adolescents who experience persistent depressive symptoms.

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Mind-wandering, depression, anxiety and ADHD: Disentangling the relationship

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Internet Gaming Disorder Increases Mind-Wandering in Young Adults

Internet Gaming Disorder Increases Mind-Wandering in Young Adults

The Importance of Individual Beliefs in Assessing Treatment Efficacy: Insights from Neurostimulation Studies

Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents: a longitudinal population-based study

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