Mimotope vaccines

Editors, The

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-50-11-937

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…mAbs cannot substitute for vaccination, and are used for early treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis. However, the use of mAbs' binding epitopes (mimotopes) has become a promising strategy both for infectious diseases and cancer [191][192][193][194], representing one of the suitable approaches toward the development of vaccines with better safety profiles [195][196][197]. In line with this approach, we have recently established a platform for the identification of B cell epitope/mimotopes from therapeutic mAbs and their in vitro as well as in vivo characterization for the establishment of cancer vaccines [198,199].…”

Section: B Cell Peptide/mimotope-based Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Why Should Vaccines against Respiratory Diseases Go Mucosal? B Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Tobias,

Steinberger,

Wilkinson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and consequently there is an unmet need for effective prevention of such infections. One such infectious disease is COVID-19, which is caused by the novel Beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that emerged around the end of 2019. The World Health Organization declared the illness a pandemic on March 11, 2020, and since then it has killed or sickened millions of people globally. The development of COVID-19 systemic vaccines, which impressively led to a significant reduction in disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, con-tained the pandemic's expansion. However, these vaccines have not been able to stop the virus from spreading because of the restricted development of mucosal immunity. As a result, breakthrough infections have frequently occurred and new strains of the virus have been emerging. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 will likely continue to circulate and, like the influenza virus, co-exist with humans. The upper respiratory tract and nasal cavity are the primary sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus, a mucosal/nasal vaccination to induce a mucosal response and stop the virus transmission is warrant-ed. In this review, we present the status of the systemic vaccines, of the approved mucosal vaccines and those under evaluation in clinical trials. Furthermore, we present our approach of a B-cell pep-tide-based vaccination applied by prime-boost schedule for eliciting both systemic and mucosal immunity.

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Section: B Cell Peptide/mimotope-based Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Why Should Vaccines against Respiratory Diseases Go Mucosal? B Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Tobias,

Steinberger,

Wilkinson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…For the evaluation of immunogenicity by vaccination strategy and the anti-tumor effect, the mimotopes (B cell peptides) are conjugated to a carrier protein and administered together with an adjuvant [ 62 , 101 , 102 , 104 ] ( Figure 2 ). Mimotopes have demonstrated a promising approach in the field of allergy [ 105 , 106 ], infectious diseases [ 107 , 108 , 109 ] and for cancer therapy, by inducing an anti-tumor effect targeting PD-1 [ 101 ], and Her-2/neu-expressing solid tumors [ 62 , 100 ] and lung metastasis [ 62 , 102 ]. The use of overlapping peptides as mimotopes with T cell immunodominant epitopes has also been evaluated in a phase I immunotherapeutic trial against human papillomavirus 16, and shown tolerability and the induction of the T cell response, even in the patients with end-stage disease [ 110 ].…”

Section: Combination Of Her-2/neu-targeted Therapy With Immune Checkp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Vaccination with B Cell Peptides Targeting Her-2/neu and Immune Checkpoints as Emerging Treatment Option in Cancer

Tobias

Drinić

Schmid

et al. 2022

Cancers

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The application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting tumor-associated (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens or immune checkpoints (ICs), has shown tremendous success in cancer therapy. However, the application of mAbs suffers from a series of limitations, including the necessity of frequent administration, the limited duration of clinical response and the emergence of frequently pronounced immune-related adverse events. However, the introduction of mAbs has also resulted in a multitude of novel developments for the treatment of cancers, including vaccinations against various tumor cell-associated epitopes. Here, we reviewed recent clinical trials involving combination therapies with mAbs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and Her-2/neu, which was chosen as a paradigm for a clinically highly relevant TAA. Our recent findings from murine immunizations against the PD-1 pathway and Her-2/neu with peptides representing the mimotopes/B cell peptides of therapeutic antibodies targeting these molecules are an important focus of the present review. Moreover, concerns regarding the safety of vaccination approaches targeting PD-1, in the context of the continuing immune response, as a result of induced immunological memory, are also addressed. Hence, we describe a new frontier of cancer treatment by active immunization using combined mimotopes/B cell peptides aimed at various targets relevant to cancer biology.

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“… 37 , 38 , 39 Based on this strategy, the use of mimotopes, i.e. peptides mimicking or representing immunodominant epitopes on the target protein or the binding epitopes of the therapeutic mAb, has become a promising strategy both for infectious diseases 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 and for cancer therapy. 41 Opposed to the direct mode of action by small molecules, peptides representing mimotopes of PD-1 can be used in vaccination strategies to induce the generation of blocking PD-1 antibodies in the host.…”

Section: Biological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging targets for anticancer vaccination: PD-1

et al. 2021

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Among the mechanisms by which tumor cells escape the immune surveillance, one is the interaction between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Inhibition of the PD-1/ PD-L1 pathway with monoclonal antibodies as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or its ligand, PD-L1, represents a milestone in cancer therapy. The application of these antibodies, however, suffers from drawbacks including failure to show a response or benefit in a majority of patients following monotherapy or combination therapy, their frequent administration, and cost intensiveness. Small peptides capable of interfering with PD-1/PD-L1 interaction represent interesting alternatives to antibody-based immune checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, peptides representing PD-1 or PD-L1 sequences can be used in active immunization approaches to induce antibodies that enhance antitumor immunity by effectively preventing PD-1-mediated inhibition in the host. Importantly, such peptides can readily be combined with peptides derived from cancer antigens to effectively induce an antitumor immune response. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments in the use of small molecules and peptides either to directly block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, or in vaccination approaches to induce antibody responses stimulating anticancer immunity by blocking PD-1-mediated T-cell inhibition.

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Mimotope vaccines

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Why Should Vaccines against Respiratory Diseases Go Mucosal? B Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Why Should Vaccines against Respiratory Diseases Go Mucosal? B Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Combined Vaccination with B Cell Peptides Targeting Her-2/neu and Immune Checkpoints as Emerging Treatment Option in Cancer

Emerging targets for anticancer vaccination: PD-1

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