MIMO-Array Antenna With Beamforming for 5G Applications

Rao, Leevanshi; Malviya, Leeladhar; Parmar, Ajay

doi:10.1109/csnt51715.2021.9509630

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Therefore, the CCL should be as small as possible. Mathematically, it is expressed as given in Equations () to 159–163

C C L = - l o g_{2} false| ψ^{R} false|

ψ^{R} = ([], \begin{matrix} center centerarray \\ array ρ_{11} & array ρ_{12} \\ array ρ_{21} & array ρ_{22} \end{matrix})

ρ_{i i} = 1 - false(false| S_{i i} {false|}^{2} - false(false| S_{i j} {false|}^{2} false)

ρ_{i j} = - false(S_{i i}^{*} S_{i j} + S_{j i}^{*} S_{i j} false)

…”

Section: Thz Mimo Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

Pant¹,

Malviya²

2023

Int J Communication

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Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top-notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high-speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high-gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in-depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.

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“…Therefore, the CCL should be as small as possible. Mathematically, it is expressed as given in Equations () to 159–163

C C L = - l o g_{2} false| ψ^{R} false|

ψ^{R} = ([], \begin{matrix} center centerarray \\ array ρ_{11} & array ρ_{12} \\ array ρ_{21} & array ρ_{22} \end{matrix})

ρ_{i i} = 1 - false(false| S_{i i} {false|}^{2} - false(false| S_{i j} {false|}^{2} false)

ρ_{i j} = - false(S_{i i}^{*} S_{i j} + S_{j i}^{*} S_{i j} false)

…”

Section: Thz Mimo Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

Pant¹,

Malviya²

2023

Int J Communication

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The beamforming technology is used to divert the radiations towards the desired direction and avoid them in unwanted directions. In other words, beamforming is used to focus the beam in the desired direction and cancel the undesirable signals and reduce the side lobe effect [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Compact Antenna Array for MIMO Internet of Things Applications

et al. 2022

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A communication system is proposed for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications in desert areas with extended coverage of regional area network requirements. The system implements a developed six-element array that operates at a 2.45 GHz frequency band and is optimized to reduce the size and limit element coupling to less than −20 dB. Analysis of the proposed system involves a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation to obtain the diversity gain and spectral efficiency. In addition, the radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna is greater than 65% in the operation bandwidth (more than 30 MHz) with a peak of 73% at 2.45 GHz. Moreover, an adaptive beamforming system is presented based on monitoring the direction of arrival (DOA) of various signals using the root MUSIC algorithm and utilizing the DOA data in a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) technique beamformer. The developed array is found to have an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value of less than 0.013, mean effective gain (MEG) of more than 1 dB, diversity gain of more than 9.9 dB, and channel capacity loss (CCL) of less than 0.4 bits/s/Hz over the operation bandwidth. Adaptive beamforming is used to suppress interference and enhance the signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) and is found to achieve a data rate of more than 50 kbps for a coverage distance of up to 100 km with limited power signals.

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“…Authors in [29] propose a low-profile MIMO antenna with four elements optimized for 5G mm-Wave (24-40 GHz) applications, demonstrating satisfactory measured and simulated results for various MIMO performance metrics. In [30], a MIMO array antenna, specifically designed for 5G applications and constructed on a Rogers' RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, operates at 28.0 GHz, and attains a gain of 7.58 dBi, ECC below 0.001, along with minimal channel capacity loss within the operating band. The article referenced as [31] presents a simple yet efficient self-isolated MIMO antenna system designed to operate within the 5G mmwave frequency spectrum, achieving an impressive maximum isolation improvement of 35 dB across the 28-37.5 GHz frequency range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual operating (27/38 GHz) high performance 2 × 4 MIMO antenna array for 5G new radio applications

Kiouach,

Aghoutane,

Das

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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This article presents an unique configuration of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna array for functioning at 27/38 GHz millimeter-wave 5G new radio (NR) frequency bands applications. The suggested antenna is constructed with four MIMO elements, containing total of eight identical patches arranged in a 2×4 array configuration. The array also includes a separate non-connected rectangular ground plane with an overall dimension of 32.4×32.8×0.8mm3. The single radiating patch elements are designed using spline resonator with H-shaped structures. The prototype model is realized using low cost FR-4 substrate and the obtained measurement results validate the analyzed simulated results. The suggested MIMO array antenna offers dual band operation with an impedance bandwidth of 8400 MHz covering 22 to 30.4 GHz and 8500 MHz ranging from 36.1 to 44.6 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves a peak gain of 8.75 dBi when operating at 27 GHz and 18.59 dBi at 38.1 GHz. Furthermore, it shows circular polarization characteristics by offering the axial ratio values significantly lower than 3 dB at 27 GHz and 38.1 GHz frequency bands. Additionally, the results indicate the favourable values of the diversity performance parameters with reference to Mean effective gain (MEG), Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), Diversity gain (DG), Total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and Channel capacity loss (CCL). Moreover, it demonstrates high isolation (<-20 dB) within the desired bandwidth. These superior characteristics make it compatible for 5G NR frequency bands N257(26.5-29.5 GHz), N258 (24.5-27.5 GHz), N259 (39.5-43.5 GHz) and N260 (37-40 GHz), enabling its use in various countries including the China, European Union, Sweden, Korea, Japan, United States of America, Canada and Australia.

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MIMO-Array Antenna With Beamforming for 5G Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

New Compact Antenna Array for MIMO Internet of Things Applications

A dual operating (27/38 GHz) high performance 2 × 4 MIMO antenna array for 5G new radio applications

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