Millimeter-wave channel sounding of outdoor ground reflections

Weiler, Richard J.; Peter, Michael; Keusgen, Wilhelm; Kortke, Andreas; Wisotzki, Mike

doi:10.1109/rws.2015.7129712

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The two measurements show no meaningful difference; nonetheless, they nearly align with the theoretical model curve. It should be noted that open‐area measurements with a single horn antenna at 60 GHz were shown in and compared with those of the two‐ray model. In this study, we employed not a single antenna, but two different beamwidth antennas, and we experimentally showed that the two measurements were identical in an open area.…”

Section: Effects Of Directional‐antenna Beamwidth On Received Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2018

ETRI Journal

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To overcome considerable path loss in millimeterwave propagation, high-gain directional beamforming is considered to be a key enabling technology for outdoor 5G mobile networks. Associated with beamforming, this paper investigates propagation power loss characteristics in two aspects. The first is beamwidth effects. Owing to the multipath receiving nature of mobile environments, it is expected that a narrower beamwidth antenna will capture fewer multipath signals, while increasing directivity gain. If we normalize the directivity gain, this narrowbeamwidth reception incurs an additional power loss compared to omnidirectional-antenna power reception. With measurement data collected in an urban area at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, we illustrate the amount of these additional propagation losses as a function of the halfpower beamwidth. Secondly, we investigate power losses due to steering beam misalignment, as well as the measurement data. The results show that a small angle misalignment can cause a large power loss. Considering that most standard documents provide omnidirectional antenna path loss characteristics, these results are expected to contribute to mmWave mobile system designs.

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Section: Effects Of Directional‐antenna Beamwidth On Received Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2018

ETRI Journal

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show abstract

“…The other two events, acquired at the receiver position 21, show a counter intuitive behavior, as the path gain increases, when the cars are driving underneath the LOS path. The reason is flat fading, caused by a strong ground reflection as was shown in previous work [7]. With the given distance and antenna heights, a bandwidth much larger than the 250 MHz used here is necessary to resolve the flat fading.…”

Section: Observed Effectsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Environment Induced Shadowing of Urban Millimeter-Wave Access Links

Weiler

Peter

Keusgen

et al. 2016

IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.

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In this paper we investigate how environment induced shadowing influences a 28.5 GHz access link in an urban open square scenario. Shadowing is caused by cars, buses, lorries and pedestrians passing between the small cell base station and the mobile user terminal. We isolate typical single shadowing events and provide a model for their description. We also present statistical evaluations that can be used as input to 5G access channel models.

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“…The two-ray model is a classic channel model that considers two major coexisting transmission paths, i.e., the light-ofsight (LOS) path and the reflection path, and the feasibility of modeling mm-wave channels has been investigated in [36]- [38]. The two-ray channel model is shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Two-ray Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Relaying: Impacts of Beamwidth and Self-Interference

Yang

Xiao

2018

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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We study the maximum achievable rate of a two-hop amplified-and-forward (AF) relaying millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system, where two AF relaying schemes, i.e., half-duplex (HD) and full-duplex (FD) are discussed. By considering the two-ray mm-wave channel and the Gaussian-type directional antenna, jointly, the impacts of the beamwidth and the self-interference coefficient on maximum achievable rates are investigated. Results show that, under a sum-power constraint, the rate of FD-AF mm-wave relaying outperforms its HD counterpart only when antennas with narrower beamwidth and smaller self-interference coefficient are applied. However, when the sum-power budget is sufficiently high or the beamwidth of directional antenna is sufficiently small, direct transmission becomes the best strategy, rather than the AF relaying schemes. For both relaying schemes, we show that the rates of both AF relaying schemes scale as O min θ −1 m , θ −2 m with respect to beamwidth θm, and the rate of FD-AF relaying scales as O µ − 1 2 with respect to self-interference coefficient µ. Besides, we show that, ground reflections may significantly affect the performance of mmwave communications, constructively or destructively. Thus, the impact of ground reflections deserves careful considerations for analyzing or designing future mm-wave wireless networks.Index Terms-Millimeter-wave communications, amplify-andforward relaying, Gaussian-type directional antenna, two-ray channel, beamwidth, self-interference.

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Millimeter-wave channel sounding of outdoor ground reflections

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Environment Induced Shadowing of Urban Millimeter-Wave Access Links

Performance Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Relaying: Impacts of Beamwidth and Self-Interference

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