Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Spectrum for 6G Wireless

Tripathi, Shuchi; Sabu, Nithin V.; Gupta, Abhishek; Dhillon, Harpreet S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72777-2_6

Cited by 101 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In addition, to design wideband THz transceivers is a major challenge [279]. Moreover, as large antenna arrays are deployed to overcome the severe path loss, the codebook design for beam switching is computationally complex [280].…”

Section: G Evolution To Thzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

Li¹,

Niu²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication technology offers a potential and promising solution to support 5G and B5G wireless networks in dynamic scenarios and applications. However, mobility introduces many challenges as well as opportunities to mmWave applications. To address these problems, we conduct a survey of the opportunities and technologies to support mmWave communications in mobile scenarios. Firstly, we summarize the mobile scenarios where mmWave communications are exploited, including indoor wireless local area network (WLAN) or wireless personal area network (WPAN), cellular access, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), high speed train (HST), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the new space-airground-sea communication scenarios. Then, to address users' mobility impact on the system performance in different application scenarios, we introduce several representative mobility models in mmWave systems, including human mobility, vehicular mobility, high speed train mobility and ship mobility. Next we survey the key challenges and existing solutions to mmWave applications, such as channel modeling, channel estimation, antiblockage, and capacity improvement. Lastly, we discuss the open issues concerning mobility-aware mmWave communications that deserve further investigation. In particular, we highlight future heterogeneous mobile networks, dynamic resource management, artificial intelligence (AI) for mobility and integration of geographical information, deployment of large intelligent surface and reconfigurable antenna technology, and finally, the evolution to Terahertz (THz) communications.

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Section: G Evolution To Thzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

Li¹,

Niu²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The available bandwidths were 50, 100, 200, and 400 MHz. In study [ 3 ], the 65 GHz band was presented as a band for the next generation of mobile standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many measurement campaigns have been carried out to analyze the channel characteristics in the mmWave bands for both indoor and outdoor environments; see [ 3 ] (Table II) for a summary. The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5GPPP) has published a white paper about the delivery of 5G services indoors [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, in an indoor scenario (a lab of the university), wideband channel measurements at the 38 and 65 GHz bands are used to deduce the achievable throughput when mMIMO-HBF techniques are used. Apart from 38 GHz, the 65 GHz band is also analyzed since it is considered as a feasible band for 6G [ 3 ]. In summary, the main contribution of this work is the implementation of mMIMO algorithms into real indoor measurements in two different 5G/6G frequency bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massive MIMO Indoor Transmissions at 38 and 65 GHz Applying Novel HBF Techniques for 5G

Sanchis-Borras

Martínez-Inglés

Molina‐Garcia‐Pardo

2022

Sensors

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The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5GPPP) has recently published a white paper about 5G service indoors, since up to now, it had mainly focused on the outdoors. In an indoor environment, the requirements are different since the propagation mechanism differs from other scenarios. Furthermore, previous works have shown that space frequency block code (SFBC) techniques applied to multiple antennas improve performance compared to single-input single-output (SISO) systems. This paper presents an experimental study in an indoor environment regarding the performance of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) millimeter-wave (mmWave) system based on the 5G New Radio (NR) standard in two frequency bands. In a first step, the 38 and 65 GHz bands are compared by applying a low-complexity hybrid beamforming (HBF) algorithm. In a second step, the throughput and the maximum achievable distance are studied using a new algorithm that combines the SFBC technique and HBF. Results show, at 38 GHz with HBF and aggregated bandwidths (4 × 100 MHz), a maximum throughput of 4.30 Gbit/s up to 4.1 m. At 65 GHz, the SFBC + HBF algorithm improves the communication distance by 1.34, 1.61, or 1.75 m for bandwidths of 100, 200, or 400 MHz, respectively.

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“…The high data rate requirement of beyond-5G (B5G) and 6G networks has inspired the wireless community to consider the terahertz (THz) frequency range (especially, 0.1-10 THz), where the availability of enormous bandwidth can support the new emerging applications, such as augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) [1], [2]. However, communication in THz channels comes with the following set of challenges which restrict the effective utilization of the available bandwidth: a) high free space path-loss, b) high molecular absorption, and c) low efficiency of diffraction processes, and thus deep shadow fading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Surface Optimization in Terahertz under Two Manifestations of Molecular Re-radiation

Pradhan¹,

Devineni²,

Dhillon³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The operation of Terahertz (THz) communication can be significantly impacted by the interaction between the transmitted wave and the molecules in the atmosphere. In particular, it has been observed experimentally that the signal undergoes not only molecular absorption, but also molecular reradiation. Two extreme modeling assumptions are prevalent in the literature, where the re-radiated energy is modeled in the first as additive Gaussian noise and in the second as a scattered component strongly correlated to the actual signal. Since the exact characterization is still an open problem, we provide in this paper the first comparative study of the performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted THz system under these two extreme models of re-radiation. In particular, we employ an RIS to overcome the large pathloss by creating a virtual line-of-sight (LOS) path. We then develop an optimization framework for this setup and utilize the block-coordinate descent (BCD) method to iteratively optimize both RIS configuration vector and receive beamforming weight resulting in significant throughput gains for the user of interest compared to random RIS configurations. As expected, our results reveal that better throughput is achieved under the scattering assumption for the molecular re-radiation than the noise assumption.

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Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Spectrum for 6G Wireless

Cited by 101 publications

References 117 publications

Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

Massive MIMO Indoor Transmissions at 38 and 65 GHz Applying Novel HBF Techniques for 5G

Intelligent Surface Optimization in Terahertz under Two Manifestations of Molecular Re-radiation

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