Milk production of crossbred daughters of high- and low-milk EPD Angus and Hereford bulls.

Minick, Jennifer A.; Buchanan, D. S.; Rupert, S D

doi:10.2527/2001.7961386x

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the present study, milk yield level (4 to 5 kg/day) was in agreement with previous reports of milk production in a similar environment (Quintans et al, 2010) and with CR daughters of low milk-expected progeny difference A and H bulls (Minick et al, 2001). Thus, these results taken together suggest that the onset of lactation, in this study milk production, is not as much of an energetic challenge to the beef cow, and that the molecular mechanism that explains the uncoupling of the GH-IGF axis in early lactation of highproducing dairy cows is probably related to genetic selection for milk production.…”

Section: Hepatic Expression Of Somatotropic Axis Genessupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of herbage allowance of native grasslands in purebred and crossbred beef cows: metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles through the gestation–lactation cycle

Laporta

Astessiano

López-Mazz

et al. 2014

animal

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Our objective was to evaluate the metabolic, endocrine and hepatic mRNA profiles through the gestation-lactation cycle in purebred (PU: Angus and Hereford) and crossbred (CR: reciprocal F1 crosses) mutliparous beef cows (n = 32), grazing on two herbage allowances of native pastures (2.5 v. 4 kg dry matter/kg BW; LO v. HI) and their associations with cow's productive performance (calf birth weight, milk production and commencement of luteal activity). Cow BW, body condition score (BCS) and blood samples were collected monthly, starting at − 165 days relative to calving (days), and every 2 weeks after calving until +60 days of lactation. Liver biopsies were collected at − 165, − 75, − 45, − 15 ± 10, and +15 and +60 ± 3 days. Metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles, and calf birth weight, milk yield and postpartum commencement of luteal activity were evaluated. Overall, the most pronounced changes in metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression occurred during winter gestation (−165 to − 45 days), when all cows experienced the onset of a negative energy balance (decreased BCS, glucose and insulin, and increased non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, P < 0.008). Concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were greater (P < 0.037) in HI than in LO cows. However, serum IGF-I concentrations and hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF1 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) during the winter gestation period only in HI cows. Although IGF-I concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) during the early postpartum (−15 v. + 15 days) for all cows, the typical molecular mechanism that control the uncoupling of the growth hormone-IGF1 axis during the transition period of the dairy cattle (reduced hepatic GHR1A and IGF-I mRNA) was not observed in this study. The hepatic mRNA expression of key transcripts involved in gluconeogenesis and fatty-acid oxidation were upregulated (P < 0.05) during winter gestation (from − 165 to − 45, − 15 or +15 days, depending on the cow groups). Particularly, acyl-CoA oxidase-1 mRNA was greater for CR than for PU cows during winter gestation (−75 and − 45 days), and fibroblast growth factor-21 mRNA was downregulated (P < 0.01) only for HI cows during the transition (−15 v. 15 days) and lactation period (+15 to +60 days, P < 0.01). These results, together with the greater BCS, estimated energy intake, increased milk yield and shorter commencement of luteal activity in HI than in LO, and in CR than in PU cows (P < 0.018), would indicate that HI and CR cows were able to adapt more efficiently to changes in nutrient and energy supply through the gestation-lactation cycle.

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Section: Hepatic Expression Of Somatotropic Axis Genessupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of herbage allowance of native grasslands in purebred and crossbred beef cows: metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles through the gestation–lactation cycle

Laporta

Astessiano

López-Mazz

et al. 2014

animal

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“…However in the one study to date of cow maternal behavior, cows do not show any sex biases in nursing behavior [18]. In beef cattle that are reared by their dam, sons are born bigger and have better post-natal growth than do daughters, but only one out of three studies has shown any evidence of male-biased milk synthesis [44][45][46]. In the absence of post-natal behavioral modifications of prenatal mammary gland programming, the presence and concentration of other milk bioactives such as immunofactors and hormones that influence offspring development [35] may differ in milk produced for sons and daughters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although intensive artificial selection has shaped cattle during recent centuries, domesticated cattle are derived from large-bodied, sexuallydimorphic aurochs (Bos primigenius) [42][43]. Among beef cattle, several small studies have revealed sex-biased milk production that favors sons [44], favors daughters [45], or no sex-biases [46]. In contrast, standardized husbandry practices, systematic milking procedures, detailed record-keeping, and large samples sizes make the dairy cow a powerful model for the exploration of maternal milk synthesis from both functional and mechanistic perspectives [35,[47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holsteins Favor Heifers, Not Bulls: Biased Milk Production Programmed during Pregnancy as a Function of Fetal Sex

Hinde

Carpenter

Clay

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Mammalian females pay high energetic costs for reproduction, the greatest of which is imposed by lactation. The synthesis of milk requires, in part, the mobilization of bodily reserves to nourish developing young. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to predict how mothers will differentially invest in sons and daughters, however few studies have addressed sexbiased milk synthesis. Here we leverage the dairy cow model to investigate such phenomena. Using 2.39 million lactation records from 1.49 million dairy cows, we demonstrate that the sex of the fetus influences the capacity of the mammary gland to synthesize milk during lactation. Cows favor daughters, producing significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation. Using a sub-sample of this dataset (N = 113,750 subjects) we further demonstrate that the effects of fetal sex interact dynamically across parities, whereby the sex of the fetus being gestated can enhance or diminish the production of milk during an established lactation. Moreover the sex of the fetus gestated on the first parity has persistent consequences for milk synthesis on the subsequent parity. Specifically, gestation of a daughter on the first parity increases milk production by ,445 kg over the first two lactations. Our results identify a dramatic and sustained programming of mammary function by offspring in utero. Nutritional and endocrine conditions in utero are known to have pronounced and long-term effects on progeny, but the ways in which the progeny has sustained physiological effects on the dam have received little attention to date.

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“…The milk yield of dams belongs to the most important factors affecting the body weights of calves at weaning. Clutter and Nielsen (1987) as well as Minick et al (2001) concluded that the milk yield is responsible for daily gains of calves at 60%, and the high-yielding cows nurse calves that are heavier at weaning. Numerous reports state that the highest milk yield is attained by Simmental cows, while Hereford cows reach definitely worse results (Fiss and Wilton, 1992;Gregory et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and carcass performance of bull calves born from Hereford, Simmental and Charolais cows sired by Charolais bulls

Kamieniecki¹,

Wójcik²,

Pilarczyk³

et al. 2009

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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The analysis comprised purebred Charolais bull calves (CH) and crossbred bull calves born from Hereford (CH × HE) and Simmental (CH × SI) cows. Body weights and daily gains were measured in subsequent periods of the experiment and the post-slaughter evaluation was carried out. Carcass lean weight and dressing percentage were evaluated, as well as the lean content of five prime cuts. Total weight of the five prime cuts was measured and its share in the half-carcass weight was determined. The rib-eye area was also measured. The CH × SI crossbreds reached significantly higher body weights at weaning, 210-day body weights and weights at finishing, as well as significantly higher daily gains in all the periods (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and were characterized by the heaviest carcasses and most cuts, particularly the round. The crossbreds had the highest total weight of five prime cuts and total lean weight, highest weight of the round and lean weight in the round. Other relationships were found analyzing the share of each cut in the carcass. The share of tenderloin and rump in the carcass of CH × SI was significantly lower compared to the purebred bulls (P < 0.01) and CH × HE (P < 0.05). They also had a significantly lower share of the shoulder, shank and shin, as compared to the other groups, as well as a significantly higher (P < 0.05) share of the neck, as compared to the purebred bulls. The purebred bulls also achieved good results and had the highest share of the prime cuts and the largest mean rib-eye area.

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Milk production of crossbred daughters of high- and low-milk EPD Angus and Hereford bulls.

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of herbage allowance of native grasslands in purebred and crossbred beef cows: metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles through the gestation–lactation cycle

Effects of herbage allowance of native grasslands in purebred and crossbred beef cows: metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles through the gestation–lactation cycle

Holsteins Favor Heifers, Not Bulls: Biased Milk Production Programmed during Pregnancy as a Function of Fetal Sex

Growth and carcass performance of bull calves born from Hereford, Simmental and Charolais cows sired by Charolais bulls

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