Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller’s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet

Huhtanen, Pekka; Miettinen, Harri

doi:10.23986/afsci.72448

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Milk production increased (P < 0.01) when fed CCDS, but there was no advantage of feeding the higher instead of lower amounts of CCDS (Table 4). This finding agreed with Huhtanen and Miettinen (1992), who observed increased production when cows were fed 5.9% of their feed DM as wet distillers solubles, but no addi- tional production when fed up to 17.5% of the ration DM as solubles. Increased production because of addedfat diets have been observed in several studies (Palmquist and Jenkins, 1980;Schingoethe and Casper, 1991).…”

Section: Lactational Responsessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Milk production was increased slightly when cows were fed condensed distillers solubles processed from a mash blend of 60 to 70% corn, 16 to 18% rye, and 12 to 14% barley (Udedibie and Chase, 1988) that contained more protein and less fat than the CCDS used in our study. A study in Finland (Huhtanen and Miettinen, 1992) used wet distillers solubles that likewise contained more protein but less fat than solubles routinely available in the United States and also observed slightly increased milk production. Distillers solubles are usually blended with distillers grains to make distillers grains with solubles, which is marketed as wet or dried distillers grains with solubles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactational Response of Cows Fed Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles

Cruz

Brouk

Schingoethe

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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Fifteen Holstein cows (6 multiparous and 9 primiparous) in early lactation were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design with 5-wk periods to evaluate the use of condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) in the total mixed ration. Diets were control (0%), low (5%), or high (10% of dry matter) CCDS. All diets contained alfalfa hay, corn silage, rolled corn, and a concentrate supplement formulated to yield isonitrogenous diets. Condensed corn distillers solubles replaced a portion of the rolled corn and soybean meal in the control diet. Data were collected from wk 3 to 5 of each 5-wk period. Dry matter intakes (23.4, 24.4, and 22.5 kg/d for control, low, and high CCDS, respectively) were similar for CCDS and control and tended to be greater for low than for high CCDS. Milk yields (34.1, 35.5, and 35.8 kg/d) were greater for added CCDS vs. control, with no additional benefit found by feeding a high over a low amount of CCDS. Milk fat percentage decreased slightly, whereas protein and lactose production increased when cows were fed CCDS. Medium-chain fatty acids in milk fat were decreased and long-chain fatty acids increased by feeding CCDS, and similar changes were found comparing high with low level of CCDS. Unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat tended to be higher for diets containing CCDS compared with control and were higher for high compared with low inclusion. Ruminal ammonia and serum urea nitrogen concentrations were lower when cows were fed CCDS. This study indicated that it is advantageous to feed CCDS at 5% of dry matter; however, some beneficial changes in milk fatty acid composition were achieved by doubling that amount.

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Section: Lactational Responsessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactational Response of Cows Fed Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles

Cruz

Brouk

Schingoethe

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The effects of the inclusion of WDS in grain-based concentrate on milk production is in line with results from our previous experiment (Huhtanen and Miettinen, 1992). The positive response to WDS may be related to increased ruminal propionate production from WDS lactic acid rather than to an increased supply of amino acids.…”

Section: The Effect Of Wet Distillers' Solublessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Rapeseed meal (RSM), the most important domestic protein supplement in Finland, has produced similar responses to those observed with soya-bean meal in the studies cited above (Tuori, 1992). starch-ethanol production increased milk and protein yield when used as a protein supplement for a grass silage-barley diet (Huhtanen and Miettinen, 1992). starch-ethanol production increased milk and protein yield when used as a protein supplement for a grass silage-barley diet (Huhtanen and Miettinen, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet

1995

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1357729800008109How to cite this article: P. Huhtanen, S. Jaakkola and E. Saarisalo (1995). The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. AbstractSixteen Finnish Ayrshire cows were used in a four period cyclic change-over experiment to evaluate eight concentrate supplements in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Two concentrate energy sources (starchy and fibrous) were used, each given with two levels (0 and 180 g/kg on a dry-matter (DM) basis) ofrapeseed meal (RSM) and two levels (0 and 180g/kg on DM basis) of wet distillers' solubles (WDS). The starchy concentrate (S) comprised rolled barley and oats (1 :1). For the cows given the fibrous concentrate (F), 600 g/kg of the grain mixture was replaced with a mixture of fibrous by-products. Grass silage was offered ad libitum and the supplements offered at a rate of 9 kg/day (fresh weight). The cows offered F supplements consumed more silage DM than those offered S supplements (P < 0-01) but the difference in the total DM intake was smaller. The cows given S supplements produced slightly more milk than those given F supplement (26-5 v. 25-9 kg/day) but no differences were observed in the yield of milk constituents between the energy supplements. Replacing starch with fibre in the concentrate had no effect on the apparent digestibility of organic matter but tended to increase that of neutral-detergent fibre. Including RSM in the supplement increased total DM intake (P<0-05) and led to increases in the yield of milk and milk constituents (P < 0-001 and P < 0-01). Diet apparent digestibility was not affected by RSM supplementation. There were no significant interactions between concentrate energy source and RSM supplementation. Including WDS in the diet had no effect on food intake. Production responses to WDS supplementation varied with the concentrate energy source. WDS increased (at least P<0-05) milk yield (1-0 kg/day) and the yields of fat (76 g/day) and protein (48 g/day) when given with the starchy concentrate. With the fibrous concentrate WDS had no effect on milk and protein yield, and decreased fat yield by 52 g/day (P < 0-05). The positive responses in the yields of milk fat and protein to RSM and WDS supplementation were almost additive with the starchy concentrate. Inclusion of WDS in the diet increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter and gross energy.

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“…If a substantial amount of silage lactate is converted to propionate in the rumen, it can make a significant contribution to the glucose supply via gluconeogenesis in the liver. Decreased milk fat content and fat yield in cows fed silage of high LA content rather than silage of restrictive fermentation (Honig & Rohr 1973;Heikkila et al 1989;Chamberlain et al 1990) or increased lactose content and yield when barley was gradually replaced with barley distillers' solubles (150-200 g LA/kg DM) (Huhtanen & Miettinen 1992), probably reflect changes in the rumen fermentation pattern due to LA intake and subsequently in the supply of milk precursors. However, Gill et al (1986) found that LA was metabolized in sheep mainly to acetate and the contribution of lactate to the glucose supply through propionate was not more than 01 of total lactate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in cattle given intraruminal infusions of lactic acid with a grass silage based diet

Jaakkola

Huhtanen

1992

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YFour Friesian bulls with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to study the effects of lactic acid (LA) on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. On a dry matter (DM) basis (g/kg), the basal diet comprised grass silage (700), barley (240) and rapeseed meal (60) and it was given at the rate of 71 kg DM/day. LA was infused continuously into the rumen at the rates of 0 (L o ), 40 (L 40 ), 80 (L 80 ) or 120 (L 120 ) g/kg basal diet DM.The molar proportion of propionate in the rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased linearly (P < 0001) and that of acetate, isovalerate, caproate (P < 001) and isobutyrate (P < 005) decreased linearly with an increasing rate of LA infusion. At the same time there was a linear decrease (P < 005) in the number of rumen protozoa. When the metabolic fate of infused LA was calculated on a molar basis, 0-21 of lactic acid was converted to acetate, 0-52 to propionate and 0-27 to butyrate.Infusion of LA into the rumen had no effect on the site or extent of the digestion of basal diet organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). LA diets tended to have a lower microbial N flow at the duodenum (71-4 v. 85-8 g N/day) and lower synthetic efficiency in the rumen (14-4 v. 20-4 g N/kg OM apparently fermented) when compared with the control diet. The ratio of duodenal non-ammonia N to N intake was highest with the control diet and lowest with L 40 , the effect of the LA rate being quadratic (P < 005). The results suggest that propionate was the main end-product of lactic acid fermentation in the rumen with the grass silage based diet. Lactic acid had no value as an energy source for microbial protein synthesis.i M T R o n i i r T i n N silage dry matter (DM) may account for 25% of the i M K U U U L i i u i N r u m e n d i g e s t i b i e car bohydrates, the high LA content A well fermented grass silage contains large amounts may be one reason for the low microbial protein of lactic acid (LA). A negative correlation between synthesis in the rumen on silage based diets (Thomas LA intake and the ratio of acetate to propionate in 1982; Chamberlain 1987). With enzyme-treated grass the rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) (Honig & Rohr silage (100 g LA/kg DM), the flow of microbial N at 1973) supports the finding that LA is an important the duodenum and the efficiency of protein synthesis precursor of propionic acid (Waldo & Schultz 1956; in the rumen were significantly depressed as compared Ekern & Reid 1963). Consistent with that, intra-with formic acid (FA)-treated silage (56 g LA/kg ruminal infusion of LA increased the molar pro-DM) (Jaakkola et al. 1991). On the other hand, portion of propionate in the rumen (Chamberlain et Jacobs & McAllan (1991) found no difference in the al. 1983; Jaakkola &Huhtanen 1989), whereas isotope amount of microbial N at the duodenum in cattle tracers showed in vivo (Gill et al. 1986) that acetate given enzyme or FA-treated silage of similar LA was the major end-product of lactate fermentation, content. ...

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Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller’s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet

Abstract: Miettinen, H. 1992. Milk production and concentrations ofblood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller's solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet. Agric. Sci

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Lactational Response of Cows Fed Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles

Lactational Response of Cows Fed Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles

The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet

Rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in cattle given intraruminal infusions of lactic acid with a grass silage based diet

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