The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet

Huhtanen, Pekka; Jaakkola, Seija; Saarisalo, Eeva

doi:10.1017/s1357729800008109

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the study at hand, milk protein content was unaffected by treatment, which agrees with results of Huhtanen et al 6 , but is contrary to those of Moran and Croke 7 . The present study showed a significantly higher milk fat content in treatment M (P = 0.01).…”

Section: Milk Production and Feed Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, in sustainable agriculture systems, feeding grain must be viewed critically with regard to amount of forage utilization, intact nutrient cycles and the use of potential human food in animal feeding. Therefore, in the past decade, several studies examined alternatives to grain such as fodder beets, beet pulp, whole crop silages, maize silage or energy-rich by-products [3][4][5][6][7] . A nutritional consequence when substituting cereals is that starch is replaced by other carbohydrate sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maize silage as an energy supplement in organic dairy cow rations

Velik¹,

Baumung²,

Knaus³

2008

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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The literature implicates strongly that including energy supplements in dairy rations based on protein-rich forages increases performance and feed efficiency due to an improved and more balanced ruminal energy and protein supply. Therefore, both conventional and organic dairy farms primarily supplement roughages with concentrates, containing high proportions of cereal grains. However, considering the main principles of sustainable agricultural systems and nutrient cycles, the question of alternatives is raised. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare grain and maize silage as energy sources in organic dairy cow rations. Two grass-clover silage-based diets, offered on an ad libitum basis, were supplemented either with 1 kg grain mixture plus 0.5 kg hay (treatment group G) or 2.1 kg maize silage (treatment group M) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The trial was carried out as a change-over design and lasted for 15 weeks. Intake of concentrates, DM and utilizable crude protein in the duodenum (uCP) were similar in both treatments. However, significant differences between treatments G and M were found for grass-clover silage dry matter intake (DMI) (13.4 versus 12.9 kg), forage DMI (14.6 versus 15.7 kg), crude protein (CP) intake (2885 versus 2801 g), ruminal nitrogen balance (RNB) (40 versus 29 g) and intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (7630 versus 7900 g). Milk yield was not affected by treatment, but in treatment M, milk fat content was at 42.4 g kg -1 , significantly higher, and milk urea concentration at 19.7 mg 100 ml -1 , significantly lower, as compared with treatment G. Efficiency of N use (N in milk in % of N intake) tended to be improved in treatment M. Balances of energy and uCP (intake as a percentage of requirements) were unaffected by treatment.

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Section: Milk Production and Feed Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize silage as an energy supplement in organic dairy cow rations

Velik¹,

Baumung²,

Knaus³

2008

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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“…For example, earlier studies reported higher forage DMI associated with greater milk yield of cows fed fibrous by-products versus starchy concentrates (Thomas et al, 1986;Huhtanen, 1993). However, other studies have observed unaffected milk yield despite higher DMI (Phipps et al, 1987;Huhtanen et al, 1995), whereas others reported either no effects on DMI and milk yield (Castle et al, 1981) or a lower DMI and unaffected milk yield (Alamouti et al, 2009). Various by-products have already been analyzed and tested as supplements in dairy cow feeding (Bernard and McNeill, 1991;Mowrey et al, 1999;Bampidis and Robinson, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding of by-products completely replaced cereals and pulses in dairy cows and enhanced edible feed conversion ratio

Ertl

Zebeli

Zollitsch

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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When fed human-edible feeds, such as grains and pulses, dairy cows are very inefficient in transforming them into animal products. Therefore, strategies to reduce human-edible inputs in dairy cow feeding are needed to improve food efficiency. The aim of this feeding trial was to analyze the effect of the full substitution of a common concentrate mixture with a by-product concentrate mixture on milk production, feed intake, blood values, and the edible feed conversion ratio (eFCR), defined as human-edible output per human edible input. The experiment was conducted as a change-over design, with each experimental period lasting for 7wk. Thirteen multiparous and 5 primiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments. Treatments consisted of a grass silage-based forage diet supplemented with either conventional ingredients or solely by-products from the food processing industry (BP). The BP mixture had higher contents of fiber and ether extract, whereas starch content was reduced compared with the conventional mixture. Milk yield and milk solids were not affected by treatment. The eFCR in the BP group were about 4 and 2.7 times higher for energy and protein, respectively. Blood values did not indicate negative effects on cows' metabolic health status. Results of this feeding trial suggest that by-products could replace common concentrate supplements in dairy cow feeding, resulting in an increased eFCR for energy and protein which emphasizes the unique role of dairy cows as net food producers.

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“…Rapeseed feeds (RSF), which are common protein supplements in the Nordic countries, have produced similar responses in milk production (Tuori, 1992;Huhtanen et al, 1995;Huhtanen & Heikkilä, 1996) as soybean meal in the reviews cited above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Type and Amount of Rapeseed Feed on Milk Production

Rinne¹,

Jaakkola²,

Varvikko³

et al. 1999

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science

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Sixteen dairy cows were used in a 2× 4 factorial experiment, where two rapeseed feeds (RSF) were compared at levels of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg (fresh weight) day − 1 replacing basal concentrate. The total amount of concentrate fed was 10 kg day − 1 and restrictively fermented grass silage was fed ad libitum. The experiment was arranged as a cyclic change-over design with four periods of 3 weeks each. The experimental feeds were rapeseed meal (RSM) and heat-moisture-treated rapeseed cake (RSC). Silage and total dry matter intake, milk production and milk constituent outputs were linearly increased as the proportion of RSF in the diet increased (at least P B0.01). There were no differences between RSM and RSC. Increased RSF intake led to a linear increase (PB 0.001) in the concentrations of essential and branchedchain amino acids in the blood plasma of the cows. Feeding RSC resulted in higher concentrations of the essential amino acids histidine, isoleucine, leucine and valine (at least P B0.05), but the concentration of methionine tended to be lower (P B 0.10) than on RSM diets. Utilization of amino acids absorbed from the small intestine (AAT) was not affected by dietary treatments, when feed table values, i.e. similar values for both RSFs, were used, but it was progressively increased for RSM diets when AAT values based on ruminal and duodenal nylon bag incubations were used. This suggests that the nylon bag method underestimated the protein value of RSM.

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The effects of concentrate energy source on the milk production of dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Maize silage as an energy supplement in organic dairy cow rations

Maize silage as an energy supplement in organic dairy cow rations

Feeding of by-products completely replaced cereals and pulses in dairy cows and enhanced edible feed conversion ratio

Effects of Type and Amount of Rapeseed Feed on Milk Production

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