Milk Fever, Hypo-Magnesaemia and the ‘Downer Cow’ Syndrome

Allen, W. M.; Davies, D.C.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)31644-5

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Milk fever: Milk fever is characterized by recumbency attributable to hypocalcemia [4]. Most cases of milk fever occur earlier (before parturition or within a few days after calving) than ketosis and LDA.…”

Section: Fatty Liver-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase cannot be explained simply by the interruption of milking by recumbency, because, in addition to TG [40,177], CE is taken up by the mammary gland [118]. Cows with milk fever have higher E 2 concentrations than healthy cows [4,161]. Administration of E 2 enhances the VLDL secretion [26,184].…”

Section: Fatty Liver-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downer cow syndrome: This syndrome is defined by the following criteria; cows are recumbent, but have Ca concentrations similar to healthy cows and do not respond to Ca treatment [4]. Fatty liver is associated with downer cows [4].…”

Section: Fatty Liver-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty liver is associated with downer cows [4]. In a study using slaughtered cows, nearly 70% of downer cows were found to have fatty liver [140], suggesting that fatty liver is one of the causal factors.…”

Section: Fatty Liver-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike apoB-100 and apoA-I, the decreased apoC-III concentration is distinct in milk fever among all the diseases examined, suggesting the particular relevance of apoC-III in the development of milk fever. The plasma Ca concentration is mainly controlled by vitamin D and PTH [4,59]. A decrease in the Ca concentration during the peripartum period stimulates PTH secretion.…”

Section: Apolipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevance of Apolipoproteins in the Development of Fatty Liver and Fatty Liver-Releted Peripartum Diseases in Dairy Cows.

2002

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ABSTRACT. Most metabolic diseases in dairy cows occur during the peripartum period and are suggested to be derived from fatty liver initially developed during the nonlactating stage. Fatty liver is induced by hepatic uptake of nonesterified fatty acids that are released in excess by adipose tissues attributable to negative energy balance. The fatty accumulation leads to impairment of lipoprotein metabolism in the liver, and the impairment in turn influences other metabolic pathways in extrahepatic tissues such as the steroid hormone production by the corpus luteum. Detailed understanding of the impaired lipoprotein metabolism is crucial for elucidation of the mechanistic bases of the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases. This review summarizes results on evaluation of lipoprotein lipid and protein concentrations and enzyme activity in cows with fatty liver and those with ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, milk fever, downer syndrome and retained placenta. Obtained data strongly suggest that decreases in serum concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein C-III, a reduction in activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A are intimately related to the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related diseases. Moreover, determination of the apolipoprotein concentrations and enzyme activity during the peripartum period is useful for early diagnoses of these diseases. KEY WORDS: apolipoprotein, bovine, estrogen receptor, fatty liver, protein kinase C.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64(4): 293-307, 2002 PREFACE AND SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW Control of metabolic diseases, including ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum (LDA), milk fever and downer cow syndrome are crucially important for modern dairy husbandry, because their occurrence is intimately related to extensive feeding and management of dairy cows and also because high-yielding cows are particularly susceptible to such diseases. Affected cows, even after recovery from those metabolic diseases, have high incidences of reproductive and infectious diseases. Most metabolic diseases occur during the peripartum period (2 to 4 weeks from parturition) and are suggested to be caused by fatty liver (hepatic lipidosis) initially developed during the nonlactating stage. Fatty liver is a condition in which triglycerides (TG) accumulate in the liver. As a logical consequence, the TG accumulation results in impaired metabolism of lipoproteins, most of which are produced by the liver. Lipoproteins have a role in the transport of lipids between the liver and extrahepatic tissues. Impairment of lipoprotein metabolism is linked to disturbances of other metabolic pathways in extrahepatic tissues, for example, the steroid hormone production in the corpus luteum. Studies on impaired lipoprotein metabolism are therefore prerequisite to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related diseases. Lipoproteins consist of lipids a...

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Section: Fatty Liver-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%