Milk fat depression syndrome and the particular case of grazing cows: A review

Rivero, M. Jordana; Anrique, René

doi:10.1080/09064702.2015.1052545

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The observed milk fat increase is contrary to other observations on pasture [ 40 , 41 ] but could be an effect of increased fiber intake, underlining the effects of different grazing systems [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows

Hartwiger

Schären

Gerhards

et al. 2018

Animals

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Simple SummaryIn grazing systems of temperate climate zones dairy cows are often fed with a silage- and concentrate-based diet during winter and are gradually introduced to a pasture-based diet in spring. This housing and feeding change involves many complex nutritional, behavioral, and metabolic adaptions, likely connected with alterations in energy metabolism. In a previous trial, feeding low amounts of concentrate during full-time grazing had not prevented energy shortage during the first weeks on a pasture system. Because of this, further research was needed to determine whether a higher concentrate supply during full-time grazing would have attenuated that energy deficit. In this experiment we were able to show that the transition period is connected with a higher activity due to walking and grazing, associated with changes in red blood cell count. Further parameters like lipomobilization, decreasing milk production, and loss in bodyweight confirm the alterations in energy metabolism. In summary, the present study shows the changes and its impact on the animals during transition to full-time grazing.AbstractIn spring, the transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to pasture requires metabolic adaptions for the cow. It had been shown that supply of low amounts of concentrate after transition to full-time grazing caused energy deficits, resulting in a lower milking performance and changes in a variety of variables indicative for energy metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate how a moderate concentrate supply (4.5 kg dry matter cow/day) after transition to pasture influences health and production indicators. Over a 12-week trial period dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (pasture group: PG) and compared to cows fed TMR indoors (confinement group: CG). On average, the PG consumed less feed and energy than the CG and mobilized body reserves, which is mirrored in a decrease of body condition and various fat depots. These effects were paralleled by elevated serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies as well as an increase in liver fat content. The physical activity (elevated walking, eating, decreasing rumination time) of the PG was significantly higher than that of the CG, which intensified the energy deficiency and resulted in a lower milk yield. In conclusion, the moderate concentrate supply was insufficient to counterbalance the lower energy intake from pasture during transition.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows

Hartwiger

Schären

Gerhards

et al. 2018

Animals

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“…The high proportion of C18:3 in milk of grazing cows is due to the high amount of this FA in the galactosyl diacylglycerols constituting the thylakoids [ 343 ], the main membrane structure of the chloroplast. Due to the large amount of PUFA and the concomitant high fermentability, fresh pasture can induce milk fat depression [ 344 ]. However, the rumen dynamic of biohydrogenation of PUFA in fresh grazing plants is complex and is affected by several factors, as reviewer by Buccioni et al [ 343 ].…”

Section: Role Of Dietary Fatty Acids On Milk Fa Composition and Healtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance

Bionaz

Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez

Busato

2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5–6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.

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“…A decrease in milk fat production and concentration is expected when cows grazed on high-quality pastures supplemented with a high concentrate level (upon 6 kg DM/day) [ 1 , 55 , 69 ], related to a decrease in ruminal pH [ 70 ]. Thus, the equal and low levels of supplements offered in this study, being less than 20% of the total DMI, could be insufficient to decrease the concentration and yield of milk fat [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Merino

Leichtle

Balocchi

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

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Milk fat depression syndrome and the particular case of grazing cows: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows

Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows

Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance

Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

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