Milk-Derived Bioactive Peptides With Antiosteoporotic Effect: A Mini Review

Abstract

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a global health problem characterized by decreased in bone mineral density (BMD) and progressive deterioration of microarchitecture and subsequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. More than 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide with about 8.9 million fractures and the prevalence rate of osteoporosis is expected to increase significantly in the future because of increased in life expectancy and aging population. Milk-derived bioactive peptides from cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, and camel exhibit several potential health promoting effect including antiosteoporosis, antihypertensive, antioxidative, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Epidemiological and intervention studies have shown that milk and milk-derived peptides prevented bone loss in pre- and postmenopausal women. Moreover, quite a lot of studies have reported that milk-derived bioactive peptides can induce osteoblast cell proliferation, differentiation and also prevented bone loss in osteoporotic rats model. Thus, milk-derived peptides exhibits beneficial effect against bone-related diseases and can be of particular interest towards prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hence, the present review summarizes various studies using ISI, SCOPUS and PubMed indexed journals to elucidate the potential role of milk-derived bioactive peptides with in vitro and in vivo antiosteoporotic property

Health-Promoting and Therapeutic Attributes of Milk-Derived Bioactive Peptides

“…Therefore, various separation techniques have been employed to purify such crude peptides. In one of the primary steps used for crude peptides purification, the protein hydrolysates are subjected to ultrafiltration, which utilizes molecular weight cut-off membranes to separate peptides into fractions of a narrow size range [ 60 ]. Subsequently, the ultrafiltration fractions are subjected to additional separation by one or more of the following techniques: ion-exchange chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, affinity chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis.…”

“…Due to the increase in aging populations and life expectancy, it could be expected that the occurrence of osteoporosis will rise considerably in the future [ 60 ]. Milk is an immense source of nutrients and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, phosphate, calcium, and proteins, which are crucial for bone development.…”

Osteo‐modulatory dietary proteins and peptides: A concise review

“…An emerging strategy for the prevention and treatment of bone diseases is the use of nutraceuticals that are capable of arresting different pathways in the pathogenesis of bone diseases, such as phytochemicals, bioactive peptides, polysaccharides, and other food‐derived compounds (Chakrabarti et al, 2020; Hwang et al, 2019, 2020; Shi, Fan, Chen, Xu, et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2018). DP and peptides from food sources such as vegetal, microbial and animal products of terrestrial and marine origins are among the promising functional foods for managing bone diseases (Fatchiyah et al, 2015; Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Oh et al, 2020). These proteins and peptides exert their bone health‐promoting properties via inhibition of pathways that contribute to bone resorption such as inflammation, oxidative stress and excessive accumulation of circulatory fats and sugars (Chung et al, 2021; Cruz‐Chamorro et al, 2019; Shi, Fan, Chen, Xu, et al, 2020; Spilmont et al, 2014), and promotion of bone remodeling via enhancement of osteoblastogenesis (Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Mada, Ugwu, & Abarshi, 2020).…”

“…DP and peptides from food sources such as vegetal, microbial and animal products of terrestrial and marine origins are among the promising functional foods for managing bone diseases (Fatchiyah et al, 2015; Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Oh et al, 2020). These proteins and peptides exert their bone health‐promoting properties via inhibition of pathways that contribute to bone resorption such as inflammation, oxidative stress and excessive accumulation of circulatory fats and sugars (Chung et al, 2021; Cruz‐Chamorro et al, 2019; Shi, Fan, Chen, Xu, et al, 2020; Spilmont et al, 2014), and promotion of bone remodeling via enhancement of osteoblastogenesis (Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Mada, Ugwu, & Abarshi, 2020). Classic examples of DP with potential effects in inhibiting different pathways involved in the pathogenesis of bone diseases are proteins from soybean, lupin, milk, and other animal products as demonstrated in cell culture, animal and human studies (Arjmandi et al, 2005; Cruz‐Chamorro et al, 2019; del Carmen Millán‐Linares et al, 2015; Dirkes et al, 2018; Hinton et al, 2018; Lemus‐Conejo et al, 2020; Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Montserrat‐de la Paz et al, 2019).…”

“…These proteins and peptides exert their bone health‐promoting properties via inhibition of pathways that contribute to bone resorption such as inflammation, oxidative stress and excessive accumulation of circulatory fats and sugars (Chung et al, 2021; Cruz‐Chamorro et al, 2019; Shi, Fan, Chen, Xu, et al, 2020; Spilmont et al, 2014), and promotion of bone remodeling via enhancement of osteoblastogenesis (Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Mada, Ugwu, & Abarshi, 2020). Classic examples of DP with potential effects in inhibiting different pathways involved in the pathogenesis of bone diseases are proteins from soybean, lupin, milk, and other animal products as demonstrated in cell culture, animal and human studies (Arjmandi et al, 2005; Cruz‐Chamorro et al, 2019; del Carmen Millán‐Linares et al, 2015; Dirkes et al, 2018; Hinton et al, 2018; Lemus‐Conejo et al, 2020; Mada, Abaya, et al, 2020; Montserrat‐de la Paz et al, 2019). Notably, an octapeptide from lupin (GPETAFLR) inhibited inflammation in human monocyte‐derived osteoclasts challenged with lipopolysaccharide (an agent that induces clonal expansion of osteoclasts) (Millan‐Linares et al, 2019).…”