Military uses of groundwater: a driver of innovation?

Robins, N.S.; Rose, Edward

doi:10.1007/s10040-008-0428-5

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They are scarcely mentioned in Clough's (1952) authoritative account of British Army maps and survey of World War II, but the expertise developed to create them helped lay a foundation for the rapid development of British non-military hydrogeology post-war. Maps from the two World Wars thus provide support for the contention that military need has been a positive driver to the development of the modern day, and now mature, science of hydrogeology (Robins and Rose, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Water Supply Maps for North-west Europe Developed by British Military Geologists during World War II: Innovative Mapping for Mobile Warfare

Rose¹,

Clatworthy²,

Robins³

2010

The Cartographic Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Water Supply Maps for North-west Europe Developed by British Military Geologists during World War II: Innovative Mapping for Mobile Warfare

Rose¹,

Clatworthy²,

Robins³

2010

The Cartographic Journal

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“…In addition to tube wells, Robins & Rose (2009) have identified a number of other areas in which technical developments, driven by military needs, have benefited the wider water supply industry. These include the introduction into Europe in World War I of mobile drilling rigs (from the USA) and the Ashford filter (from India), the development in Europe during both World Wars of a variety of groundwater prospect maps, and the extended use of abstraction galleries, particularly in coastal dunes and arid-region wadi bottoms.…”

Section: Training Research and Technical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military aspects of hydrogeology: an introduction and overview

Mather

Rose

2012

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The military aspects of hydrogeology can be categorized into five main fields: the use of groundwater to provide a water supply for combatants and to sustain the infrastructure and defence establishments supporting them; the influence of near-surface water as a hazard affecting mobility, tunnelling and the placing and detection of mines; contamination arising from the testing, use and disposal of munitions and hazardous chemicals; training, research and technology transfer; and groundwater use as a potential source of conflict. In both World Wars, US and German forces were able to deploy trained hydrogeologists to address such problems, but the prevailing attitude to applied geology in Britain led to the use of only a few, talented individuals, who gained relevant experience as their military service progressed. Prior to World War II, existing techniques were generally adapted for military use. Significant advances were made in some fields, notably in the use of Norton tube wells (widely known as Abyssinian wells after their successful use in the Abyssinian War of 1867/1868) and in the development of groundwater prospect maps. Since 1945, the need for advice in specific military sectors, including vehicle mobility, explosive threat detection and hydrological forecasting, has resulted in the growth of a group of individuals who can rightly regard themselves as military hydrogeologists.

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“…Geologists assisted Royal Engineers well-drilling units in the installation and development of shallow wells that yielded up to 23 m 3 /h from 0.25 m diameter holes (Rose 2004). Robins and Rose (2009) dated all British military geological activities in North Africa and the Middle East. They mentioned the work of Shotton (1944), who yielded new information about 'desert' hydrogeology based on borehole data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perched groundwater at the northwestern coast of Egypt: a case study of the Fuka Basin

Yousif

Bubenzer

2012

Appl Water Sci

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Perched groundwater resources on the northwestern coast of Egypt have thus far been little studied. However, if replenished by rainwater, they can provide a considerable amount of renewable water, i.e., for sustainable irrigation. These resources are limited, show different salinity contents and are endangered by overuse, pollution and by the sea level rising in the context of global warming. This paper presents new climatic data, geomorphologic, geologic, geochemical and hydrological researches in combination with remote sensing and GIS applications from Fuka Basin. Fuka constitutes a special synclinal basin where the interbedded limestone and clays have been folded into gentle synclinal structures. Fractured Middle Miocene limestone represents the bearing formation for the perched groundwater. According to the hydrogeochemical analysis and the PHREEQC model, the aquifer is recharged during the winter season by rainwater from the surrounding tableland and the chemical evolution of the perched water is attributed to water-rock interaction and mixing of fresh water with sea water. The salinity of the perched water ranges from 2,126 to 2,644 mg/L whereas for the deep groundwater it reaches 9,800 mg/L. The study explores origin and potential of the perched groundwater of Fuka Basin and gives recommendations for a future sustainable use and further investigations.

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Military uses of groundwater: a driver of innovation?

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Water Supply Maps for North-west Europe Developed by British Military Geologists during World War II: Innovative Mapping for Mobile Warfare

Water Supply Maps for North-west Europe Developed by British Military Geologists during World War II: Innovative Mapping for Mobile Warfare

Military aspects of hydrogeology: an introduction and overview

Perched groundwater at the northwestern coast of Egypt: a case study of the Fuka Basin

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