Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany

Reinhardt, Ilka; Kluth, Gesa; Nowak, Carsten; Szentiks, Claudia A.; Krone, Oliver; Ansorge, Hermann; Mueller, Thomas

doi:10.1111/conl.12635

Cited by 76 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Wolf populations in Europe are on the rise [1,2]. Among the reasons for this, Chapron et al [2] and Boitani and Linnell [3] enumerate the changing of hunting practices, the introduction of European conservation legislation (Bern Convention of 1979, Habitats Directive of 1992), significant changes in public opinion in many countries regarding carnivore conservation, stable political institutions conducive to proper law enforcement, and the relatively smooth political transformation of the post-communist countries that facilitated sustainable forestry and hunting practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poland was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe that effectively banned wolf hunting before joining the EU (in 2004) and adopting the Habitat Directive. We aim to identify the conditions that facilitated the path-breaking legal and organizational changes ultimately leading to the growth of the Polish wolf populations (Fig 1) and their dispersal from eastern to western Poland (Fig 2) and then to Germany and other western European countries [1,13]. Another goal of the paper is to propose a model of institutional change, informed by institutional theory [14,15], that provides a conceptual background for understanding the mechanism of the transformation of wolf governance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

Niedziałkowski¹,

Putkowska-Smoter²

2020

PLoS ONE

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Poland was one of the first countries of Central and Eastern Europe with stable wolf populations to effectively introduce year-round protection of the species. This paper traces the process of policy change using institutional theory as an organizational perspective. Based on the analysis of data from desk research and semi-structured interviews, we propose a model of institutional change and argue that in the 1990s, environmental activists and wildlife biologists successfully used a political window of opportunity connected with socioeconomic transformation after 1989 and managed to induce the government to move the species from the domain of hunting to the domain of nature conservation. The new policy, informed by an ecological paradigm, diverged from the historical path dominated by hunters and the vision of the wolf as a pest and a hunting target. The improved protection led to the numerical growth of Poland's wolves and ultimately to their westward expansion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

Niedziałkowski¹,

Putkowska-Smoter²

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…If, on the one hand, it is true-as evidenced by several studies [11][12][13][14][15][16]-that military goods and servitudes perform a substantial function of indirect landscape protection that, in many cases, has prevented or severely limited speculative appetites on territories of great naturalistic value, on the other hand, the intensity and concentration of fire drills, as well as the testing of armaments with the use of fuels and propellants, have a significant impact on the environment and biodiversity [17], whose possible redevelopment may require expensive and difficult land reclamation works. The alleged correlation between military activities and the anomalous appearance of damage to health is still not completely defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Training Areas as Semicommons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services

et al. 2020

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The paper addresses the issue of the concurrent use of coastal areas for military training and civil activities, namely tourism. In the paper, starting from the consideration of publicly owned assets as ‘semi-commons’, we propose a method based on the comparison of planning instruments related to the different uses, and try to model them in a grid, where different weights and degrees of evaluation can be considered, in order to promote, rather than blocking, possible activities, compatible with concurrent use. The military areas in Sardinia (region and island, Italy) are around 234 km2, which constitutes 60% of the national surface affected by military easements. This situation is due to its geographic position, considered centrality in the Mediterranean for strategic reasons. This contribution evaluates the performance of the Local Coastline Plan (LCP) and the Site management plan of Community Interest (SCI) in conditions of military constraint. The case study is the municipality of Villaputzu South Sardinia, Italy), where an important coastal military easement and the use of the coast for recreational tourism purposes coexist together through specific planning, a consequence of institutional agreements between the Municipal Administration of Villaputzu and the Ministry of Defense. The idea is considering the concurrent possible land uses guaranteed by the different planning instruments, instead of focusing, as it is generally the rule, on the sum of constraints provided by the laws. The local coastline plan has been identified as the ideal planning tool, which addresses the co-existence of apparently opposite land uses and interests, as those expressed by the local municipal planning and those expressed by the military. An evaluation of the congruence of the specific objectives of the LCP and SCI shows how their combined action favors the environmental enhancement of Sardinia, contributing to the formation of ecosystem services, even in particular conditions arising from military easements. These are sites that evolve from ‘anticommons’ to ‘semicommons’. In fact, the military release process in Sardinia, together with the promiscuous military and civil use, activates unique governance policies of their kind that find a significant field of application in Sardinia to guarantee sustainable renewal of economic development of the ‘semi-commons’ awaiting to become ‘commons’.

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“…If on the one hand it is true, as evidenced by several studies [11][12][13][14][15][16], that military goods and servitudes perform a substantial function of indirect landscape protection that, in many cases, has prevented or severely limited speculative appetites on territories of great naturalistic value; on the other hand, the intensity and concentration of fire drills, as well as the testing of armaments with the use of fuels and propellants, have a significant impact on environment and biodiversity [17], whose possible redevelopment may require expensive and difficult land reclamation works. The alleged correlation between military activities and the anomalous appearance of damage to health is still not completely defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Training Areas as Semi Commons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services

Balletto¹,

Milesi²,

Fenu³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The military areas in Sardinia are around 234 km 2 , which constitutes 59.97% of the national surface affected by military easements. This situation is due to its geographic centrality in the Mediterranean. This contribution evaluates the performance of the Local Coastline Plan (LCP) and the Site Management Plan of Community Interest (SCI) in conditions of military constraint. The case study is the Municipality of Villaputzu where an important coastal military easement and the use of the coast for recreational tourism purposes coexist together through specific planning, a consequence of institutional agreements between the Municipal Administration of Villaputzu and the Ministry of Defense. The evaluation of the congruence of the specific objectives of the LCP and the SCI shows how their combined action favors the environmental enhancement of Sardinia, contributing to the formation of ecosystem services, even in particular conditions arising from military easements. These are sites that pass from the status of 'anti-commons' to 'semi-commons'. In fact, the military release process in Sardinia, together with the promiscuous military and civil use, activates unique governance policies of their kind that find a significant field of application in Sardinia to guarantee a sustainable renewal of economic development of the 'semi-commons' awaiting to become 'commons' 1 .Coastal Use Plan (LCP) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): scientific coordinator Ginevra Balletto. Participated in: MUPV, LCP and SEA Alessandra Milesi and LCP Nicolò Fenu . 2 In Italy the state property 'Demanio' (Civil Code art. 822 et seq.) consists of the necessary state property, which includes the maritime state property (sea shore, beach, ports, roads, lagoons, river mouths that flow into the sea, water basins sauce or brackish, canals usable for maritime public use and appliances belonging to the maritime domain), the water state property (rivers, lakes and streams, excluding the sources that flow into the sea, public waters defined by the legislation on the subject, all groundwater and surface waters also collected in reservoirs and cisterns, excluding rainfalls not conveyed, in a watercourse or not collected in reservoirs or cisterns) andPreprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted:

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Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

Military Training Areas as Semicommons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services

Military Training Areas as Semi Commons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services

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