Migration of Nitrosamines from Condoms to Physiological Secretions

Biaudet, Hugues; Mouillet, L.; Debry, G

doi:10.1007/s001289900559

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Simulating physiological conditions, the release of nitrosamines from condoms into artificial sweat test solution (4.5 g NaCl, 0.3 g KCl, 0.3 g Na 2 SO 4 , 0.4 g NH 4 Cl, 3.0 g lactic acid, and 0.2 g urea dissolved in 1 L distilled water) according to the German § 35 Methode 82.10 [15] (standard for the determination of colorfastness of toys) was determined. Unlike Biaudet et al [8], the lubricant was not removed, the extraction medium was altered, and migration time was reduced. The entire condom was fastened into a sealable tube and brought into contact by filling 40 mL sweat simulant inside the condom, plus 20 mL on the outside of the condom, and put in a shaking water bath for 1 h at 378C (dynamic migration test).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Migration of nitrosamines from rubber products - are balloons and condoms harmful to the human health?

Altkofer¹,

Braune²,

Ellendt³

et al. 2005

Mol. Nutr. Food Res.

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Studies performed in 2001 and 2003 surveyed the release of carcinogenic nitrosamines and nitrosatable substances from rubber toy balloons by extraction with artificial saliva and gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis (GC-TEA). 81% of the 16 in 2001 sampled balloons and 93% of the 14 in 2003 sampled balloons released nitrosamines above the recommended level in Germany of 10 mug per kg material. Furthermore, 32 rubber condom samples collected in 2004 from the German market were surveyed for nitrosamines by determining the amount migrating into an artificial sweat test solution. The levels released from condoms varied from < 10 to 660 mug per kg material (i. e., up to 1.4 mug nitrosamines per condom). In a model calculation, not considering the differences that may exist in the resorption rate, we have calculated that the exposure from condoms may exceed the exposure from food 1.5-3 fold. To our knowledge so far no legal binding legislation exists worldwide concerning nitrosamine migration from toy balloons or condoms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The presence of nitrosamines in rubber products has been a concern since many years, but only few current studies have been published concerning the specific chemical safety of balloons [4 -7] or condoms [3,8]. Balloons are often taken into the mouth to inflate them.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of nitrosamines from rubber products - are balloons and condoms harmful to the human health?

Altkofer¹,

Braune²,

Ellendt³

et al. 2005

Mol. Nutr. Food Res.

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“…Surface segregation of low molecular weight components of rubber mixes has an adverse effect on their tack. Migration of low molecular weight additives is important not only from the technological viewpoint, but also from the point of view of applicability of rubber products, for example, because of a dye segregation on the surface of shoe soles [13] or migration of nitrosoamines in latex goods [14]. A relatively low number of papers refers to the effect of blooms on tribological properties of rubbers [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface segregation of carboxylic acids in styrene-butadiene rubber — effect of the bloom on friction

Bieliński¹,

Głąb²,

Ślusarski³

2005

Composite Interfaces

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Migration and surface segregation of linear aliphatic carboxylic acids in styrene-butadiene rubber matrix have been studied together with an effect of the top layer formed on friction of styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanisates. The relationship between migration rate of carboxylic acids and bloom thickness as well as its topography and morphology is discussed. The influence of bloom geometry and micromechanical properties of the elastomer on its tribological properties is presented.

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“…Nitrosamines have been detected in various rubber products, such as baby teats and soothers, condoms, gloves, balloons and rubber nettings, which are widely used in our daily life and work [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Nitrosamines in rubber products are formed during vulcanization steps as a consequent of the nitrosation of secondary aminated vulcanization accelerators using nitrogen oxides present in the industrial atmosphere and/or nitrites of uncertain origin [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Volatile Nitrosamines in Latex Products by HS-SPME–GC–MS

et al. 2011

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Nitrosamines which have been detected in various latex products are carcinogens. The method for determination of volatile nitrosamines in latex products was developed using a combination of headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fiber was used for HS-SPME involving the following variables: (1) agitation conditions, (2) extraction temperature (3) extraction time, and (4) salt concentration. The instrument performances of three detection systems including GC combined thermal energy analyzer, nitrogen chemiluminescence detector and MS were evaluated. The agitation conditions including magnetic stirring and ultrasonication were investigated by the comparison of extraction efficiency of HS-SPME for nitrosamines. Obtained optimal detection conditions of nitrosamines were HS-SPME at 45°C for 60 min assisted with magnetic stirring and saturated NaCl followed by GC-MS. To evaluate this method performance, the commercial products including eleven latex products (gloves, balloons and condoms) and four liquid silicone nipples were analyzed with the method. The results revealed that the method is suitable for simple and effective determination of nitrosamines in latex products. The advantage of this HS-SPME-GC-MS method is simple treatment, fast analysis, adequate sensitivity and without organic solvent.

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Migration of Nitrosamines from Condoms to Physiological Secretions

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Migration of nitrosamines from rubber products - are balloons and condoms harmful to the human health?

Migration of nitrosamines from rubber products - are balloons and condoms harmful to the human health?

Surface segregation of carboxylic acids in styrene-butadiene rubber — effect of the bloom on friction

Determination of Volatile Nitrosamines in Latex Products by HS-SPME–GC–MS

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