Determination of Volatile Nitrosamines in Latex Products by HS-SPME–GC–MS

Feng, Dan; Liu, Luo; Zhao, Liang; Zhou, Qingfeng; Tan, Tianwei

doi:10.1007/s10337-011-2148-6

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In recent years, the headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS), GCnitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique have been reported [20][21][22][23][24]. Following this, we have attempted to use the widespread GC-MS method to analyze N-nitrosamines in rubber teats and soothers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Mutsuga¹,

Yamaguchi²,

Kawamura³

2013

AJAC

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A testing method for N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances in rubber teats and soothers was modified. N-Nitrosamines are generally analyzed using either a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD) or a thermal energy analyzer (TEA). However, because few testing laboratories are equipped with these devices, it is difficult to conduct these tests. Therefore, an analysis method for N-nitrosamines using the more widespread gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was improved. In addition, EN 12868 was used to prepare the test solutions because of its worldwide use and compliance with EU regulations. Using GC-MS, EN 12868 method targeting ten kinds of N-nitrosamines was modified. The determination limits of the method were 1.0-1.5 μg/kg for N-nitrosamines and 4-6 μg/kg for N-nitrosatable substances. Quantification was possible at 1/5 or less and 1/15 or less, respectively, of the regulation values listed in EU Directive 93/11/EEC. In terms of application, there were no problems with the selectivity of the detector. The recoveries were 58%-109% for N-nitrosamines and 59%-102% for N-nitrosatable substances. Screening and verification were possible by measuring the amount of secondary amines in the boiled solution and migration solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Mutsuga¹,

Yamaguchi²,

Kawamura³

2013

AJAC

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“…It is noteworthy that both the fresh latex and concentrated latex, utilized as raw materials for rubber product manufacturing, exhibited an absence of N-nitrosamines. However, the presence of N-nitrosamines has been confirmed in various finished rubber products, including gloves, balloons, condoms, rubber teats, and soothers [ 16 , 17 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

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Common kitchen wraps like plastic and aluminum foil create significant environmental burdens. Plastic wrap, typically made from non-renewable fossil fuels, often ends up in landfills for centuries, breaking down into harmful microplastics. Aluminum foil, while effective, requires a large amount of energy to produce, and recycling it at home can be impractical due to food residue. A promising new alternative, low-nitrosamine rubber wrap film, aims to reduce waste by offering a reusable option compared to traditional single-use plastic wrap. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either the fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting the rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap films. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength of at least 15 MPa, elongation at break of at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. Performance tests revealed the rubber wrap film’s superior sealing capabilities. Its elasticity allows for a tighter fit on containers, effectively conforming to various shapes and creating an optimal seal compared to plastic wrap and aluminum foil. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

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Section: The Levels Of Nitrosamines In Fresh Latex and Concentrated L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Preprint

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The rubber wrap film is a promising new product that could have a positive impact on the en-vironment. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap film. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength at least 15 MPa, elongation at break at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. In actual use tests it was found that the translucent rubber wrap sealed containers more tightly than a PE plastic film or aluminum foil, because of its elasticity. This allows the rubber film to conform to the shape of the container more closely, creating a tighter seal. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

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Determination of Volatile Nitrosamines in Latex Products by HS-SPME–GC–MS

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Analysis of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

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Determination of Volatile Nitrosamines in Latex Products by HS-SPME–GC–MS

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Analysis of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

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Analysis of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers

Analysis of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamine Migration from Rubber Teats and Soothers