Migration, Marital Status and Smoking as Risk Determinants of Cancer

Tenkanen, Leena; Teppo, Lyly

doi:10.1177/140349488701500203

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In the case-control studies, residential and smoking histories were obtained for the study subjects, and sometimes information on potential confounding factors such as occupation also would be gathered ( (29) to married smokers in rural areas. a An extended follow-up of the male part of the cohort through 1979 showed smoking standardized death rates of 1.4 and 1.1 in cities and towns, respectively (J Carstensen, personal communication).…”

Section: Studies In Urban Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Risk of Air Pollution: Epidemiological Evidence

Hemminki¹,

Pershagen²

1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Epidemiological studies on the effect of urban air pollution on lung cancer were surveyed. Overall, the studies from many countries point to a smoking-adjusted risk in urban areas over countryside areas that is higher by a factor of up to 1.5. The extent to which urban air pollution contributes to this excess remains unknown. Studies on diesel-exposed occupational groups show that urban air pollution may have a causative role in lung cancer. Model calculations on unit risk factors of known human carcinogens were carried out to rank carcinogens according to their current ambient air concentrations. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4): 187-192 (1994).

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Section: Studies In Urban Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Risk of Air Pollution: Epidemiological Evidence

Hemminki¹,

Pershagen²

1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…The radionuclides result from fuel combustion, as well as from mining operations. Over the past 20 (5). However, the relative contribution to urban air pollution from mobile sources has increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer and air pollution.

Cohen

Pope

1995

Environ Health Perspect

138

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Epidemiologic studies over the last 40 years suggest rather consistently that general ambient air pollution, chiefly due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, may be responsible for increased rates of lung cancer. This evidence derives from studies of lung cancer trends, studies of occupational groups, comparisons of urban and rural populations, and case-control and cohort studies using diverse exposure metrics. Recent prospective cohort studies observed 30 to 50% increases in lung cancer rates associated with exposure to respirable particles. While these data reflect the effects of exposures in past decades, and despite some progress in reducing air pollution, large numbers of people in the United States continue to be exposed to pollutant mixtures containing known or suspected carcinogens. It is not known how many people in the United States are exposed to levels of fine respirable particles that have been associated with lung cancer in recent epidemiologic studies. These observations suggest that the most widely cited estimates of the proportional contribution of air pollution to lung cancer occurrence in the United States based largely on the results of animal studies, may be too low. It is important that better epidemiologic research be conducted to allow improved estimates of lung cancer risk from air pollution among the general population. The development and application of new epidemiologic methods, particularly the improved characterization of population-wide exposure to mixtures of air pollutants and the improved design of ecologic studies, could improve our ability to measure accurately the magnitude of excess cancer associated with air pollution. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 8): 219-224 (1995)

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“…6 Similar results were obtained from our Finnish data, although the etiologic factors behind these findings remained unknown. 7, 8 The present paper looks more closely at the joint effects of migration to towns, smoking, and occupational exposure on the risk of lung cancer. Also, the role of cardiorespiratory symptoms as markers of increased lung cancer risk is explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration to towns, occupation, smoking, and lung cancer: experience from the Finnish-Norwegian lung cancer study

Tenkanen¹

1993

Cancer Causes Control

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A total of 4,604 men who were interviewed in Finland in 1962 in connection with the Finnish-Norwegian lung-cancer study were followed-up for lung cancer during 1963-87 to establish why urbanized (via migration) men who smoked had a greater lung-cancer risk than native urban smokers. Exposure to occupational carcinogens was inferred from the title of the longest job held. A clear dose-response relation between occupational exposure and lung cancer was found in the urbanized but not among the native urban dwellers. The extra risk associated with migration to towns and smoking was found especially by those urbanized subjects who worked in heavily exposed industries: their lung cancer risk was more than twice that of native urban men in similar jobs, while those urbanized subjects in academic or clerical jobs showed no increased risk when compared with native urban men in corresponding work. Cardiorespiratory symptoms had a prognostic value in every residential group, but especially among the urbanized. Urbanized men who smoked and worked in heavily exposed industries, and suffered from shortness of breath, had a fourfold risk of lung cancer when compared with native urban smokers without this symptom. We conclude that although the joint effect of smoking and occupational exposure is the main explanatory factor for high risk of lung cancer in urbanized males, environmental and psychosocial factors also may have a contributory effect.

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Migration, Marital Status and Smoking as Risk Determinants of Cancer

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Cancer Risk of Air Pollution: Epidemiological Evidence

Cancer Risk of Air Pollution: Epidemiological Evidence

Lung cancer and air pollution.

Migration to towns, occupation, smoking, and lung cancer: experience from the Finnish-Norwegian lung cancer study

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