Migration Levels of Monostyrene from Polystyrene Containers to Dairy Products

El-Ziney, Mohamed G.; Tawfik, Manal

doi:10.15406/mojfpt.2016.03.00066

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…40 days, (e.g., yoghurt pot). Typical values found in recent food surveys [22,24] report styrene levels into foods taken from the manufacturer or from the retail ranging from 2.6 to 163 µg/kg (ppb) depending on the fat content and the time/temperature storage conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The migration of styrene from PS packaging into food has been extensively studied in the last decades in various foods and simulants. Styrene migration strongly depends on its residual level content in the polymer, the fat content of the food as well as the storage temperature and time conditions [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. An evaluation of the migration of styrene monomer and oligomers to foods and in their respective PS packagings in comparison with previous data was carried out in 2014 [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration Testing of GPPS and HIPS Polymers: Swelling Effect Caused by Food Simulants Compared to Real Foods

et al. 2022

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Migration kinetic data from general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) were generated for a set of model substances as well as styrene monomer and oligomers at different temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C) using food simulants stipulated in the European Regulation (EU) 10/2011 and real foods like milk, cream and olive oil (20 °C, 40 °C). The extent of polymer swelling was characterized gravimetrically and visual changes of the test specimens after migration contact were recorded. Isooctane and 95% ethanol caused strong swelling and visual changes of HIPS, overestimating real migration into foods especially at high temperatures; GPPS was affected by isooctane only at 60 °C. With 50% ethanol, after 10 days contact at 60 °C or 40 °C both polymers were slightly swollen. Contrary, most of the real foods analyzed caused no detectable swelling or visual changes of the investigated polymers. This study demonstrates that the recommendations provided by EU regulations are not always in agreement with the physicochemical properties of styrenic polymers. The critical point remains the selection of adequate food simulants/testing conditions, since the high overestimation of aggressive media can lead to non-compliance of polystyrene materials even if the migration into real food would be of no concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration Testing of GPPS and HIPS Polymers: Swelling Effect Caused by Food Simulants Compared to Real Foods

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, dairy products with different fat contents packed in PS containers were studied according to the storage period and temperature. The observations were that, by increasing the temperature and extending the storage time, the migration rate of styrene was greater, and the fat content intensified the migration rate even more [79]. Recently, our lab documented PE migration from food packaging in edam, kefalotyri, and parmesan cheese samples using Raman and infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectroscopy [13].…”

Section: Food Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey Quality and Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging: A Potential Threat for Consumer Health?

et al. 2022

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In ancient Greece, people said that “honey is the Food of the Gods”, and they were right. They believed that honey fell from the sky, with the morning dew, on the flowers and leaves, and from this point, the bees collected it. Honey is one of the most nutritious food products, which can be found in most homes. A lot of honey products are stored in different types of packaging materials, including plastics. Plastic packaging has been studied for the migration of plasticizers, chemical compounds, and MPs and NPs in foodstuffs. Most of them have been achieved through food simulations, while some studies managed to detect and isolate MPs/NPs. Recent studies presented evidence for the presence of MPs/NPs in honey products but not directly connected to food packaging or to the different types of honey and their properties (viscosity, pH value, and moisture content) or their storing conditions (temperature, humidity, light, and time). Spectroscopic and analytical techniques like Raman, FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS are in the foreground for MP/NP detection and identification, but a universal way of isolation, detection, characterization, and quantification has not yet been found. This leaves an open field for more work to be done to clarify the factors affecting the migration of plastic packaging material in honey.

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“…El‐Ziney and Tawfik () measured styrene in a range of Egyptian dairy products packed in polystyrene, with results ranging from 11 μg/kg (yogurt) to 102 μg/kg (butter).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of the IARC Monograph Vol. 121 on the safety of the substance styrene (FCM No 193) for its use in plastic food contact materials

Silano¹,

Baviera²,

Bolognesi³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids ( CEP ) was requested by the European Commission to re‐evaluate the safety of styrene ( FCM No 193) for use in plastic food contact materials ( FCM ) following the classification by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC ) as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’. The IARC Monograph pertains to hazard identification, based on studies on high‐dose occupational exposures by inhalation and animal studies, also mainly by inhalation. The Panel considered that the IARC conclusions cannot be directly applied to the evaluation of risks for consumers from the oral exposure to styrene, but also concluded that, based on the data provided in the IARC Monograph and by the industry, a concern for genotoxicity associated with oral exposure to styrene cannot be excluded. The migration of styrene into foods packed in styrenic plastics is below 10 μg/kg for the majority of the foods, but up to 230 μg/kg was reported. Migration tends to be high for contact with fatty foods, and/or with high surface to volume ratios of the FCM . Dietary exposure of the consumers to styrene migrating from styrenic plastics was estimated in the order of 0.1 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. It is in the same range as exposure from styrene present in foods as such. The dietary exposure (food component plus migration from styrenic plastics) is similar or lower than that by inhalation in the general population. Taking the human exposure data into account, the Panel concluded that a systematic review of genotoxicity and mechanistic data, comparative toxicokinetics and analysis of species differences is required for assessing the safety of styrene for its use in FCM .

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Migration Levels of Monostyrene from Polystyrene Containers to Dairy Products

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Migration Testing of GPPS and HIPS Polymers: Swelling Effect Caused by Food Simulants Compared to Real Foods

Migration Testing of GPPS and HIPS Polymers: Swelling Effect Caused by Food Simulants Compared to Real Foods

Honey Quality and Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging: A Potential Threat for Consumer Health?

Assessment of the impact of the IARC Monograph Vol. 121 on the safety of the substance styrene (FCM No 193) for its use in plastic food contact materials

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