Migration and Industrialization in Germany, 1815-1977

A Long‐Standing Demographic East–West Divide in Germany

“…Sugar beet production, which started to boom around 1850, was especially labour intensive. This spurred the demand for seasonal worker (Hochstadt, , p. 457) who had itinerant employment and lived far from home in mass dormitories. As these workers were likely subject to a lower degree of social control in these seasonal communities than in their home villages, this pattern of employment might have supported the spread of deviant behaviour.…”

Detecting the Evolution of Deliberate Fertility Control before the Demographic Transition in Germany

“…In addition, if workers foresaw bad times, the migration could have happened even before the harvest, depressing conceptions even earlier. For example, prior to 1700 thousands of poor peasants migrated every summer from north-west Germany to Holland to help with the hay harvest (Hochstadt 1981(Hochstadt , 1983Knodel 1988; as referenced in Dribe and Scalone 2010). However, as Dribe and Scalone (2010) argued, in a grain-producing economy like that of the German areas under study, most farm labourers were expected to stay home until all the crops had been harvested because the work was usually available locally, even in bad economic times.…”

Differential Impacts of Migration on the Family Networks of Older People in Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis

“…In the 17 th -century community they studied, only onethird of young couples baptising children were themselves married in the community, and only 40 per cent of the couples baptising children lived on in the village until their deaths. Tilly (1978:188) estimates that in the 18 th century around one in ten members of agricultural communities in Europe changed their village of residence every year, a figure confirmed in subsequent estimates (Hochstadt, 1981).…”