Midgestational exposure of pregnant mice to magnetic resonance imaging conditions

Heinrichs, Wm. LeRoy; Fong, P.; Flannery, Margaret L.; Heinrichs, Stephen C.; Crooks, Lawrence E.; Spindle, Akiko; Pedersen, Roger A.

doi:10.1016/0730-725x(88)90407-9

Cited by 119 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In vivo data were generally obtained from the mouse or chick embryo model. Published results are still somewhat controversial, but effects that have been observed by at least two investigators include reduced crown-rump lengths and fetal weights (1,3,(22)(23)(24). Elevated abnormality and mortality rates have also been observed in the chick embryo model (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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In Vitro Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects by Time-Varying MR Gradient Fields on Fetal Human Fibroblasts

Rodegerdts

Grönewäller

Kehlbach

et al. 2000

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Most studies that showed effects of the MRI environment in a mouse model used standard imaging sequences (1,3,22). This is accompanied by a considerable production of noise and vibration, especially at high field strengths, which could also contribute to the observed effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects by Time-Varying MR Gradient Fields on Fetal Human Fibroblasts

Rodegerdts

Grönewäller

Kehlbach

et al. 2000

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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“…The biological effects of high-strength magnetic fields are very complex. Although MRI is not considered hazardous to the fetus, only a few investigations have examined the teratogenic potential of this imaging modality [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. A number of mechanisms exist that could theoretically cause adverse biologic effects [5, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal MRI in the Evaluation of Intrauterine Myelomeningocele

et al. 2000

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Background: Accurate fetal imaging is essential to the practice of maternal-fetal medicine. While ultrasonography has been the traditional mainstay of fetal imaging, its ability to resolve critical features of central nervous system (CNS) anatomy remains limited. As interest in intrauterine therapy for myelomeningocele has increased, so has the need for more accurate, noninvasive imaging of the CNS. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) promises to fill the gap left by ultrasound. Methods: Thirty-seven MRI scans of fetuses previously diagnosed with myelomeningocele were reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists. The ability of fetal MRI to resolve the commonest CNS stigmata of spina bifida, and the incidence and extent of interobserver error, was assessed. In 4 cases, postnatal MRIs were also available. These were compared to the corresponding fetal studies. Results: The imaging quality with the technique used in this study was excellent, even without the use of maternal or fetal sedation. There were no complications, and the imaging times were minimal. Interobserver error was minimal with respect to the evaluation of ventricular dilatation and hindbrain herniation, but moderate in the description and location of the spinal lesion. As had previously been documented with ultrasonography, a reduction was seen in hindbrain herniation when comparing pre- and postnatal MRIs. Conclusion: It is concluded that fetal MRI is an effective, noninvasive means of assessing fetal CNS anatomy. Its ability to resolve posterior fossa anatomy is superior to ultrasonography while, with respect to the evaluation of hydrocephalus and the level and nature of the spinal lesion, it may be equivalent to inferior. Inclusion of the fetal MRI into the standard diagnostic armamentarium will probably await the next major advance in speed and resolution. It is conceivable that, with further advances, MRI might supplant ultrasonography as the diagnostic tool of choice for evaluation of fetal anomalies including myelomeningocele.

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“…Several studies have been performed and so far have failed to show any adverse short-or long-term side effects of 1.5T MR imaging on fetal and postnatal development (6)(7)(8)(9). Although most fetal MR studies are performed on a 1.5T scanner, fetal MRI is also performed on 3T scanners, as they provide better anatomical detail.…”

Section: Fetal Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the theoretical risk during organogenesis, when the fetus is also very small, it is advisable to avoid MRI during the first trimester. Some animal studies have shown the possibility of teratogenic effects in early prenatal development, but the applicability of these animal models to humans has been questioned (8)(9)(10)(11). Imaging younger fetuses can also be a challenge due to the small dimensions and fetal movements (12,13).…”

Section: Fetal Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

A peek into the uterus – MRI of the fetal CNS

Vesnaver

2016

Pedaiatr Today

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The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of MR imaging of the fetal central nervous system, and to briefly discuss recent advances. Fetal MRI has been commonly used throughout the world for over 20 years. Compared to US it has better contrast resolution, allows direct visualization of both hemispheres and the additional limitations of sonography do not affect the quality of MRI. There are no known adverse short-term or long-term side effects of MRI in children, who were imaged in the fetal period. The standard protocol for fetal MRI consists of single-shot rapid acquisition T2 weighted sequences in three planes, fast spoiled gradient recalled T1 weighted sequence, T2 gradient echo sequence and diffusion weighted sequence in the axial plane. The clinical applications of advanced MRI techniques are still limited. Fetal MRI is performed to confirm abnormalities detected on US, and to exclude additional pathology. Interpreting fetal MRI images requires understanding of normal fetal CNS development and one should also evaluate other fetal structures, the umbilical cord and placenta. The most common indication for MR imaging of the fetal CNS is mild ventriculomegaly. Other common indications, that are also discussed in the article, include commissural abnormalities, infratentorial abnormalities, cortical malformations, spinal pathology and complications of monochorionic twin pregnancy. ConclusionFetal MRI provides important information in prenatal counseling, therefore familiarity with the applications and limitations of fetal MRI, and multidisciplinary collaboration remain essential for the radiologist involved in prenatal imaging.

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Midgestational exposure of pregnant mice to magnetic resonance imaging conditions

Cited by 119 publications

References 20 publications

In Vitro Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects by Time-Varying MR Gradient Fields on Fetal Human Fibroblasts

In Vitro Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects by Time-Varying MR Gradient Fields on Fetal Human Fibroblasts

Fetal MRI in the Evaluation of Intrauterine Myelomeningocele

A peek into the uterus – MRI of the fetal CNS

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