Middle Pleistocene (MIS 7) to Holocene fossil insect assemblages from the Old Crow basin, northern Yukon, Canada

Kuzmina, Svetlana; Froese, Duane G.; Jensen, Britta J.L.; Hall, Elizabeth; Zazula, Grant D.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.025

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To assess the chronology of bison presence in high-latitude northwest North America, we first characterized the in situ fossil assemblage and chronology at CRH 11 (27,28) and Ch'ijee's Bluff (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Froese

Stiller

Heintzman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The arrival of bison in North America marks one of the most successful large-mammal dispersals from Asia within the last million years, yet the timing and nature of this event remain poorly determined. Here, we used a combined paleontological and paleogenomic approach to provide a robust timeline for the entry and subsequent evolution of bison within North America. We characterized two fossil-rich localities in Canada’s Yukon and identified the oldest well-constrained bison fossil in North America, a 130,000-y-old steppe bison, Bison cf. priscus. We extracted and sequenced mitochondrial genomes from both this bison and from the remains of a recently discovered, ∼120,000-y-old giant long-horned bison, Bison latifrons, from Snowmass, Colorado. We analyzed these and 44 other bison mitogenomes with ages that span the Late Pleistocene, and identified two waves of bison dispersal into North America from Asia, the earliest of which occurred ∼195–135 thousand y ago and preceded the morphological diversification of North American bison, and the second of which occurred during the Late Pleistocene, ∼45–21 thousand y ago. This chronological arc establishes that bison first entered North America during the sea level lowstand accompanying marine isotope stage 6, rejecting earlier records of bison in North America. After their invasion, bison rapidly colonized North America during the last interglaciation, spreading from Alaska through continental North America; they have been continuously resident since then.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This bluff, on the left bank of the Old Crow River (67°49′ N, 139°51′ W) comprises ∼30 m of silt and sand that is locally organic-rich (28). We recovered 294 vertebrate fossils from the lowest bone-bearing unit at CRH 11, including specimens of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), horse (Equus sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Froese

Stiller

Heintzman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…For example, Daphnia remains from Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Territories mentioned by Mattews & Telka (1997) apparently belonged to ephippia. Daphniid ephippia were found in many recently studied Pleistocene cores and outcrops of different age (Kienest et al, 2011, Kuzmina et al, 2014Kuzmina, 2015). They are very common component of these deposits and usually absence of their records in Pleistocene-Pliocene localities means that the authors did not look for them.…”

Section: Quantitative Methods For Analysis Of the Ephippiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ephippia of the Daphniidae (Branchiopoda: Cladocera) in Late Caenozoic deposits: untapped source of information for palaeoenvironment reconstructions in the Northern Holarctic

et al. 2019

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Остатки ветвистоусых ракообразных (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), в первую очередь, эфиппиумы Daphniidae, широко представлены в многолетнемерзлых отложениях Северной Голарктики. Можно ожидать, что они могут быть найдены во всех типах четвертичных отложений и во всех регионах зоны вечной мерзлоты. Остатки Cladocera могут быть использованы как источник информации об окружающей среде прошлого, климатических условиях и особенностях осадконакопления, кладоцерный анализ может широко использоваться в исследованиях по четвертичной экологии. Кроме того, покоящиеся яйца Daphnia и других ветвистоусых ракообразных могут быть хорошим источником материала для исследований ДНК и даже для выведения особей из покоящихся яиц. Эфиппиумы потенциально могут быть надежным источником количественной информации для палеоэкологических реконструкций. Однако для подобных исследований они должны изучаться специально, а не как побочный продукт палеоэнтомологических или палеоботанических работ. Мало того, необходимо приложить специальные усилия для выработки ключей для идентификации современных видов по эфиппиумам. Основная идея публикации данного сообщения-привлечь внимание сообщества ученых, изучающих четвертичный период, к эфиппиумам как новому источнику информации о прошлом водоемов.

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“…Further testing of these two hypotheses should be conducted in museum collections, including those from 2008 excavations at several sites in the Old Crow basin, some of which date to more than 200 000 years old (Kuzmina et al, 2014), and in collections from excavations in deposits of Sangamon and Irvingtonian ages, as described in Irving et al (1986) and Jopling et al (1981). Additional excavations of in situ proboscidean sites in geological deposits of Rancholabrean and Irvingtonian Land Mammal Ages in the Yukon should be conducted to study these taphonomic patterns in more detail and to determine whether these types of fracture patterns on proboscidean limb bones occur in very old geological deposits.…”

Section: Further Testing Of the Bone Modification Hypothesis For Humamentioning

confidence: 99%

New Radiocarbon Ages on Percussion-Fractured and Flaked Proboscidean Limb Bones from Yukon, Canada

Holen¹,

Harington²,

Holen³

2017

ARCTIC

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Proboscidean limb bones discovered in Yukon during the 1960s and 1970s exhibit fracture patterns, notches, and bone flakes that are characteristic of percussion. Because of the unique properties of thick cortical proboscidean bone (probably woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius or less likely American mastodon Mammut americanum), some researchers hypothesized that these fracture patterns represent intentional hammerstone modification by humans for marrow extraction and bone tool production. As such, these fracture patterns represent evidence of early human dispersal into Eastern Beringia. Radiocarbon dating in the late 1980s indicated that the bone breakage occurred between about 25 000 and 40 000 radiocarbon years before present ( 14 C yr BP). We report 11 new radiocarbon ages using ultra-filtration methods on a different sample of similarly fractured and flaked bones from Yukon. Only two of the radiocarbon ages fall within the expected range of 25 000 to 40 000 14 C yr BP. Six other ages are non-finite, with five being more than 49 100 14 C yr BP. Three finite ages range between 46 500 and 50 500 14 C yr BP with large standard deviations, and these ages may also be non-finite. Two testable hypotheses to explain the observed breakage patterns were developed, the first being that humans broke the bones and the second that some presently unknown geological process broke the bones. Further research is needed to test these two hypotheses.RÉSUMÉ. Des ossements de membres de proboscidiens découverts au Yukon dans les années 1960 et 1970 présentent des structures de fractures, des encoches et des traces d'enlèvements d'éclats caractéristiques de la percussion. En raison des propriétés uniques de l'os cortical proboscidien (provenant probablement d'un mammouth laineux Mammuthus primigenius ou, ce qui est moins probable, d'un mastodonte américain Mammut americanum), certains chercheurs ont avancé une hypothèse selon laquelle ces structures représentent des modifications intentionnelles faites au marteau en pierre par des humains, à des fins d'extraction de la moelle et de production d'outils en os. En tant que telles, ces structures de fractures témoignent de la présence ancienne d'humains dans l'est de la Béringie. Vers la fin des années 1980, la datation au radiocarbone a permis de déterminer que les fractures auraient été faites il y a environ 25 000 à 40 000 années radiocarbones avant le présent ( 14 C ans BP). Nous faisons état de 11 nouveaux âges au radiocarbone établis au moyen de méthodes d'ultrafiltration sur un échantillon différent d'os provenant également du Yukon et présentant de semblables fractures et traces d'enlèvements d'éclats. Seulement deux des âges au radiocarbone font partie de la gamme attendue variant entre 25 000 et 40 000 14 C ans BP. Six autres âges sont non finis, dont cinq ayant plus de 49 100 14 C ans BP. Trois âges finis varient entre 46 500 et 50 500 14 C ans BP et ont d'importants écarts-types, et ces âges pourraient également être non finis. Deux hypothèses testables ont été émises afin ...

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Middle Pleistocene (MIS 7) to Holocene fossil insect assemblages from the Old Crow basin, northern Yukon, Canada

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Ephippia of the Daphniidae (Branchiopoda: Cladocera) in Late Caenozoic deposits: untapped source of information for palaeoenvironment reconstructions in the Northern Holarctic

New Radiocarbon Ages on Percussion-Fractured and Flaked Proboscidean Limb Bones from Yukon, Canada

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