Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus not detected in children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Amman, Jordan, March 2010 to September 2012

Abstract

Hospitalized children < 2 years of age in Amman, Jordan, admitted for fever and/or respiratory symptoms, were tested for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). This was a prospective year-round viral surveillance study in children <2 years of age admitted with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever from March 2010 to September 2012 and enrolled from a government-run hospital, Al-Bashir in Amman, Jordan. Clinical and demographic data, including antibiotic use, were collected. Combined nasal/throat swabs were collected, aliquoted, and frozen at −80°C. Specimen aliquots were shipped to Vanderbilt University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and tested by rRT-PCR for MERS-CoV. Of the 2433 subjects enrolled from 16 March 2010 to 10 September 2012, 2427 subjects had viral testing and clinical data. Of 1898 specimens prospectively tested for other viruses between 16 March 2010 and 18 March 2012, 474 samples did not have other common respiratory viruses detected. These samples were tested at CDC for MERS-CoV and all were negative by rRT-PCR for MERS-CoV. Of the remaining 531 samples, collected from 19 March 2012 to 10 September 2012 and tested at Vanderbilt, none were positive for MERS-CoV. Our negative findings from a large sample of young Jordanian children hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms suggest that MERS-CoV was not widely circulating in Amman, Jordan, during the 30-month period of prospective, active surveillance occurring before and after the first documented MERS-CoV outbreak in the Middle East region.

Natural history and epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Middle East: Hospital surveillance for children under age two in Jordan

“…Nasal and throat swabs were collected and combined in transport medium (M4RT ® , Remel, USA), aliquoted into MagMAX TM Lysis/Binding Solution Concentrate (Life Technologies, USA), snap frozen, and stored at −80 • C. Original and lysis buffer aliquots were shipped on dry ice and were tested by RT-PCR for eleven respiratory viruses (RSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza (flu) A and B, C, and parainfluenza (PIV) virus 1, 2, and 3, adenovirus (adeno), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]15,26,27].…”

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Disease in Children

“…4 In a recent study from Jordan, 474 samples from children <2 years of age tested negative for MERS-CoV by PCR. 14 The negativity of these samples suggests that MERS-CoV was not circulating widely in nearby metropolitan Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to September 2012. 14 We conclude that MERS-CoV disease is not limited to adults.…”

“…14 The negativity of these samples suggests that MERS-CoV was not circulating widely in nearby metropolitan Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to September 2012. 14 We conclude that MERS-CoV disease is not limited to adults. Most childhood MERS-CoV infection was associated with asymptomatic status discovered during contact investigation of older patients.…”

A meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of real-time PCR for diagnosing novel coronavirus infections

“…Timely and accurate diagnosis is necessary for effective treatment of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection. Smear dyeing inspection, culture identification, and real-time PCR were reported being used for coronavirus detection, among which, real-time PCR is highly effective (Poon et al, 2003(Poon et al, , 2005, but smear dyeing inspection has lower sensitivity and specificity (Pebody et al, 2012), while culture identification is relatively simple and has high specificity but is time consuming (Khuri-Bulos et al, 2014). Methods for early detection and diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, to the same extent, are required, especially in the treatment of early-infected patients (Al-Abdallat et al, 2014).…”