Midazolam and fentanyl-fluanisone: assessment of anaesthetic effects in laboratory rodents and rabbits

Flecknell, P. A.; Mitchell, Mike

doi:10.1258/002367784780891406

Cited by 100 publications

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“…Eight Wistar rats (70 -80 g; Harlan, Bicester, UK) and ϳ100 female mice aged 6 -12 weeks [BK1 TO strain; Tuck and Son (London, UK) or bred at King's College (London, UK)] were anesthetized as described previously (Flecknell and Mitchell, 1984). The sciatic nerve was exposed and cut in one limb, followed by closure of the skin incision by wound clips.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Axonal Regeneration by Isolectin B4-Binding Dorsal Root Ganglion NeuronsIn Vitro

Leclere¹,

Norman²,

Groutsi³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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The subpopulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons recognized by Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4) differ from other neurons by expressing receptors for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) rather than neurotrophins. Additionally, IB4-labeled neurons do not express the laminin receptor, ␣7-integrin (Gardiner et al., 2005), necessary for optimal axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. In cultures of dissociated DRG neurons of adult mice on laminin, robust spontaneous neurite outgrowth from IB4-negative neurons occurs and is strongly enhanced by previous axotomy. In contrast, IB4-labeled neurons show little neurite outgrowth and do not express GAP 43, even after axotomy or culture with GDNF. Moreover, growth of their axons through collagen gels is impaired compared with other DRG neurons. To determine whether the sparse neurite outgrowth of IB4-labeled neurons is attributable to lack of integrin expression, DRG cultures were infected with a herpes simplex 1 vector encoding ␣7-integrin, but its forced expression failed to promote neurite outgrowth in either IB4-labeled or other DRG neurons or in cultured adult retinal ganglion cells. Forced coexpression of both ␣7-integrin and GAP 43 also failed to promote neurite outgrowth in IB4-labeled neurons. In addition, cultured sciatic nerve segments were found to release much lower levels of GDNF, demonstrated by ELISA, than nerve growth factor. These findings together with their impaired intrinsic axonal regeneration capacity may contribute to the known vulnerability of the IB4-labeled population of DRG neurons to peripheral nerve injury.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Axonal Regeneration by Isolectin B4-Binding Dorsal Root Ganglion NeuronsIn Vitro

Leclere¹,

Norman²,

Groutsi³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…Fentanyl, in combination with tranquillizers (droperidol or fluanisone) or sedative/hypnotics (etomidate), produces balanced anaesthesia in mice; combinations of low doses of each component can provide analgesia, unconsciousness and muscle relaxation. The advantages of such an approach is that the undesirable side-effects of some agents can be minimized and often results in more effective anaesthesia with fewer secondary effects on major body systems than when using a single agent (Flecknell & Mitchell 1984, Flecknell 1996, Arras et al 2001.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intraperitoneal propofol and propofol fentanyl, sufentanil and remifentanil combinations for mouse anaesthesia

et al. 2007

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SummaryThe combination of propofol and a rapid-acting opioid, such as fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil, is a relatively safe, total intravenous anaesthesia technique, commonly used in humans and which has been investigated in laboratory animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate these combinations for anaesthesia of mice by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Sixty-seven mice, divided into groups of four, were used to test 28 combinations of propofol alone and propofol with fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil administered i.p. The dose ranges of drugs studied were propofol 50-200 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.2-0.4 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.05-0.1 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.2-1.0 mg/kg. The loss of righting reflex (RR) and the loss of pedal withdrawal reflex (PWR) were recorded along with the duration and quality of recovery. The results obtained in these studies were unpredictable. The same dose combinations of propofol and opioids were associated with different responses in different individuals. Higher doses did not induce loss of RR and PWR in all animals and were associated with high mortality rates. An adequate hypnotic level was only observed with higher doses of propofol. The synergistic effect of propofol and the opioids was not sufficient to allow surgical procedures. Animals that reached PWR loss showed tail rigidity, shaking limbs and scratched their heads with their forefeet. Higher opioid doses induced respiratory depression and higher death rates. The inconsistency between and within groups may be associated with the i.p. route. The results reported here show that the i.p. route is not appropriate for mouse anaesthesia using propofol alone or in combination with fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil.

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“…We then decided to use fentanyllfluanisone combined with midazolam. This combination has been shown to produce surgical anaesthesia with good muscle relaxation (Flecknell & Mitchell 1984). Previous experience at our laboratory with this combination in rats indicated that it was a stable manageable regimen with a large therapeutic tolerance ISkolleborg et al 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Midazolam in combination with fentanyl/fluanisone and nitrous oxide as anaesthesia in rabbits-cardiovascular parameters

Hexeberg

Hessevik³

et al. 1995

Lab Anim

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SummaryWhen establishing a rabbit model for cardiovascular research in our laboratory we have used midazolam in combination with fentanyl/fluanisone (MFF) and nitrous oxide as anaesthesia. In this study we focused on the effect of the anaesthetic regimen on cardiovascular parameters during open-chest surgery in 12 rabbits. Rabbits were tranquillized by intramuscular injection of fentanyl/fluanisone (0.2 ml/kg of the drug that contained lOmg/ml fentanyl and 0.2 mg/ml fluanisone). After an intraperitoneal injection of midazolam (4 mg/kg) and additional i.m. injection of fentanyl/fluanisone (0.1 ml/kg) the rabbits were tracheotomized and ventilated on a respirator delivering a gas mixture of 50% N 2 0, 47.5% 02, and 2.5% CO 2 , The femoral vein and artery were cannulated and then rabbits received a supply of MFF intravenously. The chest was opened by midline sternotomy and the left ventricle was instrumented with piezo-electric crystals for measurement of regional left ventricular function and with a pressure catheter to measure left ventricular pressure. Radiolabelled microspheres were used to assess cardiac output and left ventricular tissue blood flow. Blood gas analysis showed no difference in the values of pH, pC0 2 and p02 between the open-chest and the closedchest states. Mean aortic pressure was 74 ± 4 mmHg in the closed-chest state and 65 ± 4 mmHg in the open-chest state. Tissue blood flow showed that the left ventricle was well perfused, and mean tissue blood flow values varied between 1.80 and 2.36 ml/min' g. We conclude that the anaesthetic regimen used is easy to control. It is well tolerated in rabbits and is suitable for studies on myocardial contraction in rabbits.Keywords Rabbit, fentanyl, fluanisone, midazolam, injectable anaesthesia, myocardial contraction, myocardial blood flow, cardiac output Rabbits have been introduced as a model for cardiovascular studies at our laboratory. The model was based on extensive surgery involving intubation (via a tracheostomy) a thoracotomy and various cardiac manipulations. When developing the model we looked at several types of injectable Correspondence to:

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Midazolam and fentanyl-fluanisone: assessment of anaesthetic effects in laboratory rodents and rabbits

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Impaired Axonal Regeneration by Isolectin B4-Binding Dorsal Root Ganglion NeuronsIn Vitro

Impaired Axonal Regeneration by Isolectin B4-Binding Dorsal Root Ganglion NeuronsIn Vitro

Intraperitoneal propofol and propofol fentanyl, sufentanil and remifentanil combinations for mouse anaesthesia

Midazolam in combination with fentanyl/fluanisone and nitrous oxide as anaesthesia in rabbits-cardiovascular parameters

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